Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers

: Beitler, Harvey G.; Harvey G. Beitler was a Philadelphia lithographer listed in the 1870 city directory who resided in the Ellerton Hotel.

: Bell, Joseph; Joseph Bell, born ca. 1836 in Scotland, was a Philadelphia printer and lithographer active ca. 1868-ca. 1871. He resided at 1702 Lombard Street, with his wife Susan (b. ca. 1842) and their four children: Agnes, Hugh, William, and James.

: Bellard, Maxim; Maxim Bellard, born about 1830 in Canada, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He resided in the New Market Ward with his wife, Sarah.

: Benade, James Arthur; James Arthur Benade, son of Moravian bishop Andrew Benade, was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1823 and worked as an artist for the lithographic establishments of P. S. Duval and Thomas Sinclair ca. 1842-1850. His lithographs include a "South West View of Lancaster, Pa." He studied art in Philadelphia and with Gustavus Grunewald (1805-1878) as well as taught F. D. Devlan (1835-1870). He also exhibited works at the Artist's Fund Society in Philadelphia in 1838 and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1848. He died February 2, 1853 in Reading, Pennsylvania, his town of residence in the 1850 census. According to that census, he was married to Sarah (b. ca. 1823) with whom he had three children and held $6000 (i.e., about $171, 000 in 2008) worth of real estate.

: Bence, John H.; John H. Bence (Benee?) worked at the establishment of P.S Duval (8 South Fifth Street) in 1857.

: Bergman, George; George Bergman, born about 1824 in Bavaria, Germany, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia 1855-ca. 1857. He worked initially in Robert Pearsall Smith's establishment at 17, i.e., 517 Minor Street in 1855-1856 and transferred to Wagner & McGuigan at 34 Franklin Place ca. 1857. He resided in Camden as a lithographer in 1860 and in New York City as an engraver in 1870.

: Berkenhauer, Adolph; Adolph Berkenhauer was listed as a lithographer in the 1864 Philadelphia city directory. He resided in Camden and worked at the firm of Schnabel & Finkeldey at 218 Walnut Street.

: Biddle, Edward C.; Edward C. Biddle, print and book publisher and son of John Biddle and Elizabeth Canby, was born January 5, 1808 in Philadelphia. He published from an office at the S.W. corner of Fifth and Minor streets during the 1830s and 1840s, and later the 200 block of South Third Street. He resided in Center City. By the time of his death on July 18, 1893, he lived at 1422 Spruce Street., Biddle was the third publisher of the seminal Thomas L. McKenney and James Hall's "History of the Indian tribes of North America..." issued 1837-1844. The work about early 19th-century Native American culture contained 117 portraits, several after paintings by Charles Bird King. Biddle collaborated with printers Lehman & Duval with artist Albert Newsam and printer J. T. Bowen with artist A. Hoffy 1836-1838 and issued parts 1-8 (Vol. 1).

: Biegeman, Adolph; Adolph Biegeman, son of German-born piano maker Wilhelm (1801-1885) and midwife Augusta (b. 1811), born in Germany ca. 1829, was a mid 19th-century colorist of lithographs, artist, and photographer. Biegeman and his family arrived in Philadelphia probably in the late 1840s and in November 1848 he declared his intent for citizenship., By 1852, Biegeman began to be listed in Philadelphia city directories as a colorist residing at 53, i.e., 203 New Street, and from ca. 1854 to ca. 1867 he served as colorist on a number of F. Mahan fashion advertisements. In 1875, Bigeman changed careers and entered the photography profession before turning to the cigar trade in which he was employed until his death ca. 1880., Biegeman was married to Emma (b. 1836), a midwife, with whom he had three children: William who died as a baby; Henry (b. ca. 1857), a printer; and Mary (1867-1940). He and his family lived with his parents first on New Street, and by the early 1870s at 332 North Sixth Street. Biegeman died ca. 1880; his wife Emma listed as a widow in the 1882 city directory.

: Bigot, Alphonse; Alphonse Bigot, born April 17, 1828 in France, was a noted lithographer active in Philadelphia ca. 1854-1872. Immigrating to Philadelphia before 1854 (possibly in 1849), Bigot lived in Center City and during the 1850s was employed at the lithographic establishments of Thomas Sinclair, Alphonse Brett, and L. N. Rosenthal, as well as worked as an engraver. Bigot, known for his chromolithographs, designed the finely-executed 1854 advertisements printed by Brett for perfumer Apollos W. Harrison and between 1857 and 1860, designed a number of noted color lithographs printed by Sinclair, including "Washington's Grand Entry into New York. Nov. 25th, 1783" (1860) and a ca. 1860 advertisement for "T. Sinclair & Co." Bigot also delineated book and periodical illustrations and well as executed paintings., In 1860, Bigot resided at 233 North Thirteenth Street (Ward 14) in a multifamily home, with his Pennsylvania-born wife Matilda (ca. 1826-1900), and their children as well as his siblings and lithographer father Francis (b. ca. 1805) and lithographer Francis Roux (b. ca. 1825) and his family. That year, he also painted a series of views of South America and held personal estate valued at $1000 and real estate at $3000. By 1861, he relocated his residence to 847 North Broad Street and started work at the lamp shade manufactory and lithographic establishment of Victoria Quarre, V. Quarre & Co., where he would be employed until 1872. During this period, he served as a witness for fellow lithographer (and later Quarre's husband) George Wedekind's patents for improved lamp shades in 1862 and 1863, designed the women's invitation for the Lithographic Printer's Union Second Ball (1863), and earned enough income to be taxed by the I.R.S. As of 1870, he remained at his North Broad Street address with his immediate family, including his father and sisters. Bigot died on January 25, 1872 in a horse riding accident, according to family folklore, and was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery.

: Bigot, Francis; Francis Bigot, born circa 1805 in France, worked as a lithographer with his son, Alphonse, in Philadelphia in the 1860s and 1870s. He resided in Alphonse's household, with fellow French-born lithographer Francis Roux, at 847 North Broad Street.

: Binder, Horace; Horace Binder, born ca. 1851 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer and printer in Philadelphia ca. 1879-1905. He operated his own lithographic establishment solely at 607 Chestnut Street until 1889 and as Binder & Kelly at 518 Minor Street between 1890 and 1894., In 1880, Binder lived in the household of his father George A. (b. ca. 1821), a retired builder, at the rear of 928 North Marshall Street. He resided with his mother Miriam (b. ca. 1823), and siblings, including Clarence (b. ca. 1844), a professor at Polytechnic College. By 1890, he remained at his parent's residence with his wife Anna W. (b. ca. 1848), with whom he had daughter Mary (b. January 1867) who married artist Xantus Smith. In 1894, he was elected a member of the Academy of Natural Science for which he acted as printer. Binder died on March 21, 1906 with his residence, since 1903, at 1301 West Susquehanna Avenue. He was buried at the Catholic cemetery, Cathedral Cemetery.

: Birch, Thomas; Thomas Birch, son of prominent English-born engraver William Birch, born in England in 1779, was a respected Philadelphia maritime painter whose work was issued as lithographs from the 1830s to 1850., Lithographs include "View of the United States Naval Hospital at Norfolk, Va." (Childs & Inman, ca. 1832); "Capture of H.M. Ships Cyane & Levant" (P.S. Duval, ca. 1850); and a S. A. & A. F. Ward "Spring & Summer 1846" fashion plate printed by Thomas Sinclair containing his view of Cape May, About 1835, Philadelphia lithographers Childs & Lehman also issued the allegorical temperance print "'Look Upon this Picture and on This.' Intemperance and Temperance" after an 1826 sketch, including the Fairmount Water Works, by Birch. Birch lived in Center City during much of his career, including addresses at 25 North Fourth Street (1825); 14 Filbert Street (1835); 100 Union Street (1845); and in 1850 at 77 Lombard Street in Southwark (Ward 1) with his second wife Sarah (b. ca. 1799). Birch also had two children a daughter (b. 1808) and son, auctioneer Thomas, Jr. (b. 1812). He died on January 3, 1851.

: Bishopbois, August; August Bishopbois, a French printer and lithographer active in Philadelphia from about 1844 to the mid-1850s, relocated from France to Boston in the 1830s, possibly working for William Pendleton, and his successor Thomas Moore. His first two children, Virginia (b. ca. 1838) and Henry (b. ca. 1840) were born in Massachusetts, and his remaining children, Lavinia (b. ca. 1845), Julia (b. 1850), and Rosina (b. ca. 1851) were born in Philadelphia. He resided with his Virginia-born wife Eliza (b. ca. 1820) and children on Cherry Street, above Thirteenth Street, until 1848. They moved to 69 South Fifth Street in the Dock Ward, where Bishopbois is listed in city directories as a printer/lithographer until 1854 and his possible death. Six years later, the 1860 census shows only his wife and two daughters (Virginia and Rosina) residing in the Fifth Ward.

: Blanc, Albert; Albert Blanc, born in Antwerp, Belgium in April 1850, was a Philadelphia engraver, electrotyper, and lithographer who specialized in horticultural trade catalog work in the later 19th century., Blanc immigrated to the United States in 1868 and by 1869 worked in Philadelphia as a clerk and book keeper (215 South Front Street) while he resided with his future in-laws, the Pennybackers at 701 Vine Street. By about 1870, he entered the lithographic trade and delineated lithographs until about 1876 for Longacre & Co., including a series of advertisements for pharmaceutical manufactory Powers & Weightman. Listed at 615 Vine Street in 1871, he established about 1874 his own engraving and lithography firm at Room 4, 702 Chestnut Street, a building also tenanted by chromolithographers E. P. & L. Restein., Between 1885 and 1887, Blanc entered the horticultural engraving trade and became a cultivator of cacti. In 1888, credit reports declared his dual business in "good standing" and estimated its worth at $8,000 to $10,000. By 1891, Blanc dominated the horticultural engraving trade and operated an extensive greenhouse for the cultivation of cacti under the firm name of A. Blanc & Co. He often exhibited at the annual spring flower show at Horticultural Hall., Blanc married Sunie, i.e., Susan (b. 1850) in 1873 and the couple had no known children. In 1900, Blanc lived at 314 West Eleventh Street, his residence since about 1877. By 1910, the couple relocated to 6710 North Sixth Street and by 1915 to 222 Buckingham Place. Blanc was last listed in the 1920 census as an artist at 2528 South Cleveland Street. He resided with his wife, sister-in-law Sophie Pennybacker, and niece Susan.

: Blicker, George; George Blicker, born about 1833 in Hanover, Germany worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He resided with his wife, Madeline (b. ca. 1834) and three children, Margaret (b. 1855), Sarah (b. 1857), and Caroline (b. 1859), in Ward 5.

: Blucher, Joseph; Joseph Blucher, born ca. 1810 in France, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1850. He resided with his wife, Mary (b. ca. 1815), and two daughters, Catharine (b. ca. 1844) and Mary (b. ca. 1847) in the Pine Ward of the city., The 1856 Philadelphia City Directory lists an H. Blucher at 5th Street below Bridge Ave that is possibly this lithographer.

: Blucher, Xavier; Xavier Blucher worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia between 1853 and 1855 on Marriott (i.e., Montrose) Street above Sixth Street.

: Boell, William; William Boell, born ca. 1832 in France, worked as a lithographer in New York and Philadelphia 1850s-1870s. A practical lithographer, Boell worked in New York between 1854 and ca. 1859 before establishing his own firm in Philadelphia, where he worked until ca. 1882. Boell's work in Philadelphia included book illustrations, advertisements, church views, bird's eye views, and political cartoons. He also issued several Civil War prints, including the noted "Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, Supported Gratuitously by the Citizens of Philadelphia, Pa." (1861) depicting an exterior and series of interior views of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon and Hospital., Boell began his lithographic career in New York in 1854, and produced view prints, including one for "Illustrations of the Japan Expedition" (1855). During this time he also partnered in the firms Boell & Lewis (ca. 1855) and Boell & Michelin (1855-1858). By 1859, Boell relocated to Philadelphia and established a firm at 407 Walnut. The firm relocated a number of times, including 311 Walnut Street (1860-1866), 314/314 1/2 Walnut Street (1866-1875); 327 Walnut Street (1876-1877, with August Steng); and 505 Market Street as William Boell & Co. (1878-ca. 1880)., From 1859 Boell promoted his "machinery in perspective" views and such prints formed a core specialty of his advertisements. During the 1860s Boell advertised he had "been employed in executing the finest Work in the Art, for the principal houses in France, Spain, Germany & the United States," received large orders as evident from billheads in the Warshaw Collection of Business Ephemera and earned enough income to be taxed by the IRS. He also received a good credit rating during the 1870s. Boell remained in the trade until apparently ca. 1880 (43 South Fourth Street) when a number of judgments of notes owed to John Thompson of New York went against his favor., Following his arrival to Philadelphia, Boell resided in South Philadelphia at 929 Tasker where he lived with his English-born wife Julie (b. ca. 1838), two children, and boarders. By 1870, Boell had relocated to North Philadelphia at 1701 North Ninth Street with his wife and four children and remained at that address as of 1880.

: Boerum, Simeon; Simeon Boerum, born in New York ca. 1830, worked in Philadelphia as a wood engraver, lithographer, and printer 1850s-1880s. Predominately a wood engraver given his known extant work, Boerum had advertised in "The Philadelphia Shopping Guide & Housekeeper's Companion for 1859" as a "Designer and Engraver on Wood, Lithography, Printing and Die Sinking, In All Its Branches, No. 310 Chesnut St., above Third, opposite the Franklin House, Philadelphia." In addition, three years earlier, he designed and printed the lithograph "Awful Accident on the North Pennsylvania Rail Road on Thursday July 17th 1856." Boerum also exhibited engravings at the 1854 Franklin Institution Exhibition of American Manufacturers., During the 1860s and 1870s, Boerum lived in South Philadelphia (745 South Front Street and 531 Pierce Street) and Camden, New Jersey. By 1880 he had settled in Philadelphia on 177 Richmond Street (North Philadelphia) with his wife Martha (b. ca. 1840) and several children. By 1885, he again was living in South Philadelphia at 1826 Reed Street. Boerum died on October 16, 1894 and was interred at the Philadelphia Crematory., Boerum may also be the Simeon Boerum listed in Civil War Service Records, who enlisted in Company L, 2nd Cavalry Regiment New Jersey on September 15, 1864. He mustered out June 29, 1865.

: Bolton, Mahlon, Jr.; Mahlon Bolton, Jr., born January, 1848 in Norristown, Pennsylvania, was a partner in the Philadelphia lithographic establishment Lehman & Bolton. Originally a mechanical draughtsman near Front Street and Girard Avenue, he partnered with William H. Lehman in Lehman & Bolton in 1873. The firm operated until 1920., The son of Pennsylvania-born carpenter, Mahlon Bolton, Sr. (b. 1811), and Sarah Ann (b. 1811), Bolton had three siblings: Caroline (b. 1840), George M. Dallas (1846-1890), and Frank (b. 1850). By 1880, Bolton had moved to Philadelphia from Norristown, residing for many years at 1533 North Tenth Street with his wife Emma M. (b. 1846), sister-in-law Clara W. Sempers (b. 1855), niece Minnie F. Bolton (b. 1874), and his deceased business partner's daughter Clara B. Lehman (b. 1874). They resided on North Tenth Street until Bolton sold the property in 1906 and moved to 3217 Diamond Street, where the family remained until Bolton's death on February 4, 1914.

: Bosch, Henry A.; Henry A. Bosch, born ca. 1847 in Bavaria, Germany, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia ca. 1867-ca. 1899. He delineated a number of Philadelphia volunteer firefighting company membership certificates for Duval & Hunter ca. 1867-ca. 1870 signed as A. H. Bosch., Bosch, a Camden resident, remained in the Philadelphia trade as of the late 1870s and by 1887 partnered with his brother Joseph W. in the lithographic firm Bosch & Bro. at South Seventh Street corner of Dickinson Street , i.e., the property of E. P. & L. Restein. The partnership operated until ca. 1895 with a final address at 1437 South Tenth Street. Bosch continued to be listed as a Philadelphia lithographer until 1897., Bosch was married to Ellen (b. ca. 1858) and lived in Camden for his known Philadelphia career residing at 228 Federal Street, 517 North Fourth Street, and 402 Linden Street by the 1890s; with the latter household including a domestic.

: Bosin, Theodore; Theodore Bosin, born ca. 1840 in Germany, was an engraver and lithographer active in Philadelphia ca. 1869-ca. 1885 . He engaged in two short-term partnerships. In 1870, he partnered with Philadelphia lithographer Edward Busch at 320 Walnut Street, and in 1871, he partnered with Philadelphia lithographer Theodore Leonhardt at 324 Chestnut Street. By 1873, Bosin had left the Leonhardt partnership and by 1875 worked as a lithographer from 23 South Third Street., In the early 1870s, Bosin lived in West Philadelphia at 3720 Story Street before relocating to 514 Powell Street (Center City) in 1875. In 1880, he lived at that address with his German-born wife Lina and worked as an engraver. He continued to be listed in city directories until 1885. By 1887, his wife was listed in city directories as a widow at the Powell Street address.

: Bostick, E. P. (Emanuel P.); Emanuel P. Bostick, born 1835 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, worked as a printer and lithographer in Philadelphia from the 1860s through 1870s. Originally a newspaper foreman and printer for the "Columbia Spy" in Lancaster in the 1850s, he relocated to Philadelphia by 1867 and operated a "Steam Power Job Printing and Lithographing Establishment at 23 (33?) South 7th St., Philadelphia." By the 1886 city directory, Bostick worked in "real estate"., In 1850, Bostick resided in Columbia Borough, Lancaster County, PA as a printer and by 1860 with his wife, Sarah J. (1840-1900). Following his relocation to Philadelphia, Bostick resided in West Philadelphia (Ward 24) at 4022 Ludlow Street (late 1860s), then 3740 Market Street (early 1870s), and finally 3634 Market Street (ca. 1877-). In 1870, he and his wife resided with their three children William Ellwood (b. ca. 1857), Jacob J. (b. ca. 1860), and B. Frank (b. ca. 1864). In 1892, Bostick sold his Market Street properties (where he also resided) to C. W. Rowan and the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Co. He passed away before 1895, when his wife Sarah J. is listed as a widow in city directories.

: Bottles, Joseph; Joseph Bottles, born ca. 1825 in New Jersey, worked as a lithographer, blind maker, salesman, clerk and printer in Philadelphia between 1852 and 1868. While in Philadelphia, he resided with the Britton family, in Southwark Wards 2 and 4 of the city, on Washington Avenue in the 1850s, and 322 Federal Street in the 1860s and 1870s., Bottles enlisted in the United States Navy in 1863 and became a yeomen for the USS Saratoga. After being discharged in 1864, he returned to Philadelphia in poor health, assumed to be suffering from "rheumatism," and did not work for at least a year before returning to the lithographic trade. By the fall of 1868 Bottles had moved to Lockport, New York where in 1870 he resided with presumably wife Mary, despite his listing as single in his application to the Home for Disabled Soldiers in Marion, Indiana in 1892. Bottles died on May 12, 1900 and is buried in the Marion National Cemetery.

: Bourquin, Charles F.; Charles F. Bourquin, born about 1805 in Canton Bien, Switzerland, traveled to the United States with his younger brother, lithographer Frederick Bourquin in 1817. During the 1830s, he resided in New York where he was naturalized and married before relocating to Philadelphia about 1843. From 1843 to 1851, he resided at 194 (i.e., 600 block) Pine Street as he worked at the studio of P. S. Duval, where he remained employed until ca. 1857. Between 1855 and 1869 he resided at 804 Weccacoe (until 1864) and 2030 Christian Street (until 1869) and entered the employment of his brother F. Bourquin & Company, later Frederick Bourquin around 1857. Bourquin continued under the employment of his brother until his death on June 2, 1869 from drowning.

: Bourquin, Charles L.; Charles L. Bourquin, son of lithographer Frederick Bourquin, was born in New Jersey in January 1852. He worked as a lithographer while residing next to his father in Camden in 1880. He was married in 1878 to Clara or Jane (b. 1862), and had three children Maria (b. 1879), Clarence (1889-1913), and Howard (b. 1896). He died from a tumor on September 1, 1902 at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia.

: Bourquin, David L.; David L. Bourquin, son of lithographer Frederick Bourquin, was born in Philadelphia about 1845. In 1860, Bourquin worked as a printer while a resident of Camden, N.J. By 1872, he worked at the Philadelphia studio of his father at 320 Chestnut Street, and soon thereafter relocated to Chicago where his name appears as an assistant on the Warner & Beers "Atlas of Woodford County, Illinois" in 1873. After 1881, Bourquin returned to the Philadelphia area and resumed work for his father. He committed suicide on July 30, 1884.

: HSP-Bourquin-Jackson-LithInPhila.jpg; Frederick Bourquin, born in 1808 in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland, was a pioneer Philadelphia lithographer who specialized in maps. Following immigration to the United States in 1817 with his brother Charles F. Bourquin, he resided in Bucks County, Pa. and New York as well as began his lithographic career at the Philadelphia firm of Kennedy & Lucas in 1829. A U.S. citizen as of 1834, he permanently located to Philadelphia ca. 1840 and gained employment with his brother at P. S. Duval's firm in 1842., In 1849 Frederick became the foreman and from 1852 to January 1, 1857, a partner in the firm P. S. Duval & Co. Within a year, he partnered with Robert Pearsall Smith to form the map publishing establishment F. Bourquin & Company (602 Chestnut Street). The partnership was active until ca. 1863 when Bourquin became the sole proprietor of the business until his death in 1897., In 1866, Bourquin moved his recently established firm from Sixth & Chestnut Streets to quarters at 104 Hudson Alley (now Carpenter's Court) behind 320 Chestnut Street where he remained until 1873. He then relocated to 31 South Sixth Street and occupied two large rooms employing, according to the demands of his work, between 6 and 20 skilled and experienced lithographers. Although he produced lithographic portraits and prints, his main business focused on the production of county maps and atlases. He succeeded Robert Pearsall Smith as the main producer in this branch of the trade after the latter's sudden retirement from the field in 1865., According to Bourquin's advertisements, he offered "every facility for engraving, printing, coloring and mounting state and county maps, of the largest size." Throughout his map publishing career, he worked closely with the firm of Worley & Bracher and maintained professional connections with New York. By his 1882 credit report, he was "quite favorably regarded by the trade" and "considered honest and worthy of confidence" with an estimated worth of $5,000, which rose to about $12,000 in 1886., Bourquin was an innovator in the field of lithography. He experimented with different methods of improving the transfer process for which the Franklin Institute awarded him a prize in 1847; introduced zincography to America in 1849; and worked with John Jay Smith, father of R. P. Smith, in the development of the Anastatic Press in 1846., A resident of Camden, N.J. from the mid 1850's, Bourquin served on Camden's City Council during the 1870s and 1880s and as a Democrat in the New Jersey legislature in 1872. Married to Mary (b. ca. 1820), Bourquin had several children including four sons Frederick Bourquin, Jr., Gordon M. Bourquin, David L. Bourquin, and Charles L. Bourquin, involved in the lithographic and/or printing business. Bourquin died at his home in Camden, N.J. in 1897 and was survived by two of his sons.

: Bourquin, Gordon M.; Gordon M. Bourquin, son of lithographer Frederick Bourquin, was born in New York in August 1839. In 1860, Bourquin worked as a lithographer while a resident of Camden, N.J. He abandoned his family and profession and relocated to the Upper Monclair area of New Jersey in 1888. He died in Passaic County, New Jersey in February 1906.

: LCP-Bovell-Newell-P-9057-244.jpg; Thomas W. Bovell, born ca. 1831 in Pennsylvania, was a lithographer active in Philadelphia and New York ca. 1853-1881. A former employee of P. S. Duval, Bovell established his own shop at 37 South Third Street in September 1853. In 1854, Bovell began to be listed in Philadelphia city directories and he exhibited colored lithographs (awarded Second Class premium) and a lithographic press at the Franklin Institute Exhibition of Manufacturers. By 1859, Bovell relocated to New York and partnered with lithographer William B. Dalston as Dalston & Bovell until 1860. In 1869, Bovell operated his own Philadelphia lithographic establishment again, first from 328 Chestnut (1869-1873), then 409 Chestnut Street (1874-1878), and finally 305 Chestnut Street (1879-ca. 1881), In 1871, he was elected vice-president of the committee established to organize the centennial of the birthday of lithography inventor Alois Senefelder and he printed a chromolithograph of Fairmount for "Everybody's Journal." Bovell remained in lithography until ca. 1881, despite being reported by R.G. Dun & Co. as having "no credit or standing among the trade" in 1875., Bovell lived predominately in Center City during his career in Philadelphia. In 1850, he lived with the Shaw family in the Pine Ward of Philadelphia; in 1860 at 323 Pine Street; in 1870 at 331 Lombard Street; and in 1880 at 305 South Third Street (Second Ward). Bovell never married (inferred from census information) and died on February 11, 1893 with his residence at 1931 North Twenty-Third Street in North Philadelphia. He was interred at Odd Fellows Cemetery.

: Bowen & Company; See Lavinia Bowen.

: Bowen, John T.; John T. Bowen, the preeminent Philadelphia lithographer and the most important mid 19th-century American publisher of publication plates, was born in England ca. 1801. Immigrating to the United States in 1834, he worked as a colorist and lithographer in New York before relocating to Philadelphia (probably with collaborator and lithographic artist Alfred Hoffy) in 1838. In Philadelphia to assume the publication of the seminal McKenney and Hall's "History of the Indian Tribes," he also took over the establishment of Wild & Chevalier (94 Walnut Street), including the rights to their "Views of Philadelphia." He reissued the third edition of the series at the end of the year, and the hand-colored fourth edition in 1848., From 1838 to the early 1840s, Bowen's general and book-plate work was widely praised in the local press. Promoted as "an ornament to the city" and with "one of the most extensive establishments in the country, he gained a reputation as one of the premier general lithographers, especially of hand-colored works, of the city. During this period, he published the "Architect's Magazine" (1839); was honored by and offered membership to the Franklin Institute (1840); and printed plates for Audubon's "Quadrupeds" (1845-1848) and octavo edition of "Birds of America" (1839-1844) in addition to McKenney & Hall (1837-1844). Although plate work became the specialty of Bowen's firm after 1844 and his relocation to 12 South Broad Street, he also issued maps, genre prints, including "Log Cabin Politicians" (1841), political cartoons, praised frameable views of Fairmount, and drawing books, such as "My Own Sketch Book" (ca. 1840)., Despite these numerous projects, in 1842 Bowen petitioned for bankruptcy. The compounded expenditures for McKenney & Hall in conjunction with the work on "Birds" could not offset the income received from the latter commission of which over 1400 copies of the first number were ordered. The bankruptcy, however, did not prove a major detriment to his business, and after 1844, Bowen predominately collaborated with Audubon and his sons on reissues and completion of their natural history volumes. He also worked with Philadelphia ornithologist John Cassin. Following the printing of the plates for his "Illustrations of the Birds of California,...," Cassin associated with Bowen's firm as a business manager and artist. By the time of Bowen's death in the summer of 1856, he served as one of the appraisers of his estate of about $5,500 that included presses worth $250 and lithographic stone worth $30. Before 1838, Bowen married Lavinia, a colorist, with whom he had a son John (b. ca. 1838). From 1839 through the 1840s, Bowen lived in Center City at 61 South Fifth Street and later 96 Walnut Street and by 1855, resided at 674 Green Street above Spring Garden Street. Following his death, Lavinia assumed operations of the Bowen firm and engaged John Cassin as partner in 1858. The firm Bowen & Co. was active until ca. 1870.

: Bowen, Lavinia; Lavinia Bowen, born ca. 1820 in Maine and wife of preeminent Philadelphia lithographer John T. Bowen, operated the lithograph firm Bowen & Company with ornithologist John Cassin after her husband's death in 1856. The newly-styled firm, left with an estate worth about $5,500 from John T. Bowen, continued to operate from the southwest corner of Eleventh and Chestnut Streets until 1866, when it relocated to 713 Jayne Street until 1872. John Cassin left the firm in 1867, and R. B. Jones appears as a co-proprietor of Bowen & Co. in the 1868 Philadelphia directory., Lavinia was an artist, lithographer and plate colorist in her own right, presumably working on her husband's hand-colored book plate projects, and later, natural history commissions including three folio bird books for Daniel Elliot and Henry Schoolcraft's "Indian Tribes of North American." John Cassin praised her skills as an artist in ornithology in the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences" (1858), and named a bird, the Calliste Lavinia, in her honor.Lavinia married John T. Bowen before 1838, the year their son, John T., was born in New York. From 1839 through the 1840s, they lived in Center City at 61 South Fifth Street and later 96 Walnut Street and by 1855, resided at 674 Green Street above Spring Garden Street. After John's death in 1856, Lavinia resided at 1020 Cherry Street until 1872.

: Bracher & Matthias; A partnership between William Bracher and Benjamin Matthias active ca. 1854-1855 from Robert Pearsall Smith's publishing house at 15, i.e., 517 Minor Street.

: Bracher, William; William Bracher, a native of Württemberg, Germany born June 29, 1827, and lithographer who specialized in maps, arrived in the United States shortly before 1850. By 1854 he resided in Philadelphia, where he was naturalized on March 27, 1854 and worked as a partner in the firm of Bracher & Matthias at the establishment of Robert Pearsall Smith (15 Minor Street). In 1858, he partnered with George Worley & Benjamin Matthias in the firm of Worley, Bracher & Matthias at 600-602 Chestnut Street. Following the departure of Matthias in 1859, Bracher continued in partnership with Worley until his death in 1879. Bracher operated solely from 27 South Sixth Street until his retirement in 1891 when the firm was assumed by Peter Balliet & Albert Volk. Bracher was married to Emile (1831-1896) and had two children, Emil (b. ca. 1859) and Alfred (b. 1863). Bracher died on May 14, 1912 in Philadelphia.

: Braden, Oliver; Oliver Braden, born ca. 1847, was a Philadelphia printer and lithographer, active ca. 1872-ca. 1889. He worked at 18 South Sixth Street (later the business address of lithographer William Hart) in 1872. In 1877, city directories list Braden at 622 Arch Street. He lived in North Philadelphia by the late 1880s.

: Bradley, John B.; John B. Bradley, born ca. 1839 of an Irish mother and an American father, was a lithographer active in Philadelphian from 1859 until at least 1865. In 1850, he worked at the establishment of Thomas S. Wagner and between 1864 and 1865 was listed in city directories with the address 814 Locust Street., By 1880, he resided in Philadelphia with his wife Annie (b. ca. 1840) and two children Lizzie (b. ca. 1862) and Emil (b. ca. 1864). He also was a member of the Order of Elks for the Philadelphia Lodge and served as the Treasurer.

: Braidwood, Thomas W.; Thomas W. Braidwood, born in Scotland ca. 1814, was a designer and superintendent of the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, i.e., Moore College of Art, who exhibited, on behalf of his students, lithographic drawings and stones at the 1852 Franklin Institute Exhibition of American Manufacturers., The work was awarded a first premium with the following comments, "The committee are highly gratified with the advance made by the pupils of the School of Design, an institution yet in its infancy, and destined, we feel assured, to realize the fondest wishes of its many friends. That the patronage so much needed will be given, the intelligence and liberality of this community leave not room to doubt; many of the specimens are very beautiful, and of the highest order of merit. We award them most justly A First Premium.", In 1850 Braidwood lived in the Northern Liberties ward and by 1860 in West Philadelphia.

: Brandt, Herman; Herman Brandt was a Philadelphia colorist at the lithographic establishment of William Rease (South Fourth and Chestnut Streets) 1867-1870. During these years he resided at 4 Berlin Street, 620 Brook Street, and 232 New Street, respectively.

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