Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers

The Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers contains the biographies of over 500 artists, lithographers, printers, and publishers who worked in commercial lithography in Philadelphia between 1828 and 1878.

Collection Metadata

Title: Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers
Description: The Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers contains the biographies of over 500 artists, lithographers, printers, and publishers who worked in commercial lithography in Philadelphia between 1828 and 1878.
Identifier: Islandora:POSB2
Language: eng

Pages

: Jones, Ellen; Ellen Jones, born ca. 1854 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1880 while a resident at 10 Wilson Street. She is one of the few listed female lithographers of the 19th century., Jones, daughter of a father born in New York and a mother Mary born ca. 1830 in Rhode Island, lived in a household with three men involved in the printing trade: William Brown (b. ca. 1869), a lithographer who had lost a finger; and brothers and printers Charles (b. ca. 1859) and Benjamin (b. ca. 1861).

: Kaefring, John Henry; John Henry Kaefring, born in Germany in 1838, was a lithographer in Philadelphia 1860-1910. He lived with his parents Henry (b. ca. 1828) and Catharine (1815-1900), and his sister Mary (b. ca. 1843) in South Philadelphia (Ward 2) until the end of the 1860s. By 1870, he continued to reside in South Philadelphia with his wife, Mary L. Sherman (ca. 1847-1895) frequently referred to as "D" in census documents, and infant daughter, Katie (b. 1870). Kaefring moved to 1208 Wallace Street by the mid-1870s, where he and "D" raised three children. By the mid-1880s, he worked as one of a number of lithographers and printers, including lithographic artist Max Rosenthal at 831 Arch Street, possibly at the "Focus" newspaper. By the mid 1890s, Kaefring worked with several artists, printers, and engravers as a lithographer at 1025 Arch Street, possibly for the "Heidelberg Press." He passed away on July 13, 1911.

: Kearny, Francis; Francis Kearny, born in 1785 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, worked in Philadelphia primarily as a banknote, map, and book plate engraver 1810-1833, but also experimented in lithography as a member of the early lithograph firm Pendleton, Kearny & Childs (1829-1830)., After attending the Columbian Academy in New York City and serving an apprenticeship with engraver Peter R. Maverick (1755-1811), Kearny relocated to Philadelphia in 1810, possibly to work with his peer Benjamin Tanner (1775-1848). The following year he exhibited the prints "Rosetta" and "Birds" in the first annual exhibition of the Society of Artists of the United States held at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In the exhibition catalog, his studio was listed at 75 Locust Street, but the city directory for 1811 listed him as an engraver at 24 Sassafras (i.e., Race) Street. By 1813, he operated from both 64 South Eighth Street and Seventh and Sansom Streets, presumably the location where he engraved several prints depicting the War of 1812, including those created with Thomas Sully (1783-1872) of Oliver Hazard Perry's victory in the battle on Lake Erie (1815). Kearny also created banknotes with the firm Tanner, Kearny & Tiebout until 1822. In 1817, he formed Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co. at 10 Library Street, which by the spring of 1818, placed an advertisement for subscriptions in the "Franklin Gazette" for their "New and Elegant American Atlas" to be published in five numbers. The partnership between Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co. dissolved around February 1820, although their maps were well-advertised in local newspapers. Kearny remained with the banknote engraving firm of Tanner, Kearny & Tiebout for another two-to-three years., In 1823, Kearny's shop relocated to 96 Chestnut Street (southwest corner of Third and Chestnut Streets), where he turned his attention to book plate engraving. In 1824, he created and advertised in local newspapers a portrait of John Quincy Adams from a painting by King and a portrait of General LaFayette at Yorktown. Between 1825 and 1829, he tenanted 16 Library Street and the southeast corner of Third and Walnut Streets and published "Select Views in Modern Greece" (1828), as well as book illustrations for the "Atlantic Souvenir" published by Carey, Lea & Carey in 1829. By October 10, 1829, Pendleton, Kearny & Childs had formed and printed the lithographic caricatures "The Shaking Quakers" and "The Long Story"., In 1830, Pendleton, Kearny & Childs dissolved after Pendleton relocated to New York City. Kearny retired to his home town of Perth Amboy, New Jersey ca. 1833. Little is known about his personal life, except that he died in 1837 in his hometown in New Jersey.

: Keenan, William; William Keenan, a native of South Carolina born ca. 1810, worked as an engraver and lithographer in Philadelphia 1830-1833. Listed in Philadelphia city directories at 45 Sansom Street, the address was also used in the mid-1820s by engraver and lithographer Cephas G. Childs and "Mr. Doughty," i.e., artist Thomas Doughty. The boarding house of Solomon Marache also operated at 45 Sansom Street 1815-1845. Keenan returned to South Carolina in the mid-1830s, where by 1850 he worked as an engraver and resided in Charleston with his wife Sarah (b. ca. 1822) and their son Sydney (b. ca. 1848)., Keenans' work in Philadelphia included illustrations for several gift books. He also produced landscapes, portraits, and medals and engraving on silver (by the late 1840s and 1850s).

: Keffer & Brett; Keffer & Brett, operated by John C. Keffer and French lithographer Alphonse Brett at 12 Bank (i.e., South Bank) Street from 1846-1847, produced Christmas and Valentine's Day cards delineated by engraver Nicholson Devereaux. Their partnership dissolved by mutual consent on February 24, 1847, and Brett continued the business from the same location until ca. 1850., John C. Keffer is probably John L. Keffer.

: Keffer, J. L. (John L.?); J. L. (John L.?) Keffer served as the artist of the lithograph "U.S. Ship North Carolina off Cape Horn..." printed by P. S. Duval in 1839. He possibly was also Alphonse Brett's partner ca. 1850 in the partnership Bett & Keffer, which issued valentines, including one held in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

: Kehl, Philip J.; Philip J. Kehl, born ca. May 1852 in Pennsylvania to German parents, worked as a printer and lithographer in Philadelphia between 1870 and his death in 1912. First listed in the 1870 census as a plate printer, by the time of his death, Kehl was a member of the Lithographic Printers' Union who had been employed by Breuker & Kessler., Between 1870 and 1880, Kehl resided in South Philadelphia (Ward 1), first in the household of his father and shoe store owner William (b. ca. 1822) and then as head of his own, including his wife Naomi Murrows (ca. 1853-1921), two children, his father, and his in-laws at 114 Siegel. By 1900, Kehl had relocated to 139 Mifflin Street (Ward 1) and his family had grown to include three children, Harry M. (b. 1873), a shipping clerk; George W. (b. 1874), a plate printer; and Naomi S. (b. 1887). Philip died suddenly on October 5, 1912 with his residence listed at 65 North De Kalb Street (West Philadelphia), having relocated from 2315 South Eleventh Street after 1910. Following his funeral at St. James Catholic Church, he was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery.

: Keller & Bright; Keller & Bright, was a partnership between John B. Keller (b. ca. 1818) and William S. Bright, M.D. (b. ca. 1816), stationers and lithographers active from 1856 to about 1858 at 38 South Fourth Street. Residents together with their families in Spring Garden Ward 3 by 1850, their business partnership began ca. 1852 at the book selling and publishing establishment of William L. Keller (S.E. corner of 8th and Race streets). In 1853, Keller & Bright began to be listed as druggists in the city directory, and by 1856, the partnership relocated to the southwest corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets (38 South Fourth Street) as "stationers, lithographers, &c.", Keller & Bright dissolved before 1859, when a city directory lists Keller as a looking glass manufacturer at 38 South Fourth Street. By 1864, Keller worked as a gilt frame maker and gilder at 31 South Fourth Street and in 1869 as a grocer at 501 South Third Street. Keller presumably died around 1869; the last year he was listed in city directories. His wife Fanny D. was listed as a widow in the 1871 city directory.

: Keller, Francis; Francis Keller worked in Philadelphia as a lithographer 1858-1860 and a photographer for P. S. Duval's lithographic establishment in 1861. He resided at 1105 Wood Street, rear of 331 Green, and 624 Market Street during this period.

: Kelly, Thomas F.; Thomas F. Kelly, born ca. 1847 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia during the 1860s and 1870s. Son of the Irish-born tailor James Kelly (b. ca. 1808), Kelly served as the secretary of the Lithographic Printers Union in 1868 and possibly worked with his brother and lithographer William J. (b. ca. 1838)., Kelly lived with his family, including William, in Center City at 1542 Sansom Street from at least 1860 until the early 1870s. As of 1870, another brother James (b. ca. 1853) worked in the field of art as well - as a portrait painter., During the early 1890s, a Thomas F. Kelly, possibly this lithographer, was listed as a printer at 1136 and later 1144 South Eighth Street and again in 1915 at 5448 Market Street.

: Kelly, William F.; William F. Kelly, born ca. 1833 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer for P. S. Duval 1859-ca. 1860. He resided in a boarding house in Center City with his wife Sarah, and two children, Jane and Margaret. Fellow lithographers William Lewis and George Thomas resided in the same house. He was also named in the insolvency petition of Duval in 1859.

: Kelly, William J.; William J. Kelly, born ca. 1838 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia from ca. 1860 to the early 1870s. Son of the Irish-born tailor James Kelly (b. ca. 1808), Kelly possibly worked with his brother and lithographer Thomas F. (b. ca. 1847)., Kelly lived with his family, including Thomas in Center City at 1542 Sansom Street from at least 1860 until the early 1870s. As of 1870, another brother James (b. ca. 1853) worked in the field of art as well - as a portrait painter. In 1880, Kelly continued to work as a printer and resided as a boarder in Burlington, N.J., During the early 1890s, a William J. Kelly, possibly this lithographer, was listed as a printer at 227 Jacoby Street and later 1145 Vine Street.

: Kennedy & Lucas; Kennedy & Lucas, the first commercial lithographic establishment in Philadelphia, established by looking glass and print store proprietors David Kennedy and William B. Lucas at 90 South Third Street, was active 1828-1833. Started as "Lucas's Lithography" by Lucas in the spring of 1828, early prints of the firm included "Cowell as Crack in the Turnpike Gate" and "The Pagoda and Labyrinth Garden" printed after the designs of British artist and lithographer Hugh Bridport. Officially established as a commercial firm in December 1828, Kennedy & Lucas announced "their Press at No. 90 South Third, where specimens can be seen" in the "National Gazette" on December 9 and 10, 1828., The firm printed book illustrations, city views, genre prints, sheet music covers, and advertisements, often delineated by artist W. L. Breton. The pairing issued a noted series of church views, including "Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church"; the cityscape illustrations for Watson's Annals of Philadelphia, and the advertisement "Philadelphia Baths, Corner of George and Seventh Sts., near Chestnut Street" as well as plates for Earle's Treatise on Railroads (1830) and The Floral Magazine and Botanical Repository (1832-1834). Following the death of Lucas in 1833, the firm ceased operations and on March 1, 1834, "The United States Gazette" advertised the executor's sale of the lithographic establishment. Equipment and tools sold included "3 presses of different sizes, one standing do., rollers and ink stones, with every requisite for the above business. Also, 8000 lbs. of first quality lithographic stones, assorted sizes, from 34 inches by 23 inches, down to 8 by 10 inches,...", Kennedy, a well-established carver, gilder, and glass and picture store owner in Philadelphia before partnering with Lucas, operated from 109 Walnut Street and also managed a tavern at Ninth and Walnut Streets in the 1820s. Lucas's background before operating the lithograph firm is unclear; his will dated 1833 listed him as a gilder and lithographer.

: Kennedy, David; See Kennedy & Lucas.

: Kessler, Harry C.; Harry C. Kessler, Brigadier General in the Union army and partner in the lithographic firm Breuker & Kessler, was born on March 18, 1844 in the Northern Liberties, Philadelphia. In 1861, at the age of seventeen, he enlisted in the Union army, where he served as first lieutenant of the 104th Pennsylvania Regiment of Volunteers, fought in the Amy of the Potomac, and oversaw the return of confederate prisoners to Camp Curtain in Pennsylvania before resigning in 1863., In 1864 he clerked in Jacob Haehnlen's lithographic establishment at 125 South Third Street, where he met fellow lithographer and future business partner George W. Breuker, Sr. Together in 1866, they established the "practical" lithographic firm of Breuker & Kessler at Seventh and Chestnut Streets. Kessler remained with the company until the mid 1870s, at which time he joined his brother, Charles Kessler (b. 1851), in Butte, Montana. Harry's two younger brothers, J. Millard (b. 1848) and William S. (b. 1846), assumed Harry's portion of Breuker & Kessler., In Montana, Harry purchased and mined land, established a newspaper entitled the Butte Miner, married Josephine Alden Dillworth (b. November 1846), and had two children, Josephine (b. 1878) and Harry C., Jr. (b. 1883). Kessler served as Silver Bow county commissioner and county treasurer, and designed what would later become the state flag of Montana. In 1889 he formed the First Montana U.S. Volunteer Infantry, now known as the National Guard. President William McKinley brevetted Kessler to the rank of Brigadier General for his service in the Spanish-American War with the First Montana Volunteers. In August of 1903 he was appointed junior vice commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic., By 1905, Harry returned to Philadelphia with his family, and served as president of Breuker & Kessler, with his son Harry, Jr. (b 1883) as treasurer. He died two years later from complications of several diseases on September 10, 1907 at Jefferson Hospital in Philadelphia.

: Kessler, J. Millard; John Millard Kessler, born in 1848 in the Northern Liberties Ward of Philadelphia, was a partner in the lithographic firm of Breuker & Kessler. Established 1866 by George W. Breuker, Sr. and John's older brother Harry C. Kessler, the firm employed Kessler as a clerk in 1868. By the mid 1870s he acted as a proprietor following the departure of his elder brother., Kessler resided with his parents at 1621 Summer Street until the mid-1880s. He resided at 619 N 18th and 1928 Wallace Street until the mid-1890s, when he moved to the Aldine Hotel, then the Belgravia, and finally The Maidstone. By 1900 he married Evelina M. Haehnlen(1853-1922), the daughter of Philadelphia lithographer Louis Haehnlen. From 1906 to 1911, he worked for Otto Martin & Co., a lithographic supply company before, presumably for retirement, he relocated with his wife to Los Angeles in the late 1910s. Evelina Kessler died in Los Angeles in 1922.

: Kessler, William S.; William S. Kessler, born in 1846 in the Northern Liberties, Philadelphia,was a partner in the lithographic establishment Breuker & Kessler. In the early 1870s, Kessler partnered with his brother, Charles R. Kessler in Kessler & Brother, hamemakers, before operating the lithographic firm of Breuker & Kessler with brother J. Millard Kessler., Entering the printing trade after his older brother Harry C. Kessler (original partner in Breuker & Kessler) relocated to Montana in the mid 1870s, William served as clerk and bookkeeper in 1878 and 1879 before working as a lithographer with the firm in the 1880s and 1890s.

: Ketterlinus, Eugene; Eugene Ketterlinus, born August 13, 1824 in Württemberg, Germany, was a prolific commercial lithographer and printer, renown for his label work, active in Philadelphia from 1842-1886. Grandson of German engraver William Ketterlinus (1766-1803) and brother of fellow printers Paul (1820-1894) and Adolphus (ca. 1826-ca. 1867), Eugene arrived in the United States in the early 1830s. He apprenticed with Paul in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, before forming E. Ketterlinus & Co. in Philadelphia in 1842 at North Fourth Street below Arch Street. Eugene and Paul operated from the location until 1855 and produced color stock cards and labels earlier than any other Philadelphia firm as well as advertised their "plain & fancy printing," including illustrated congressional documents, "embossed show cards, perfumery, fabric, wine and liquor labels, druggists' furniture, jar and drawer labels, cards, bill heads, notes, checks, circulars, and catalogues.", In 1854, Ketterlinus also partnered with Jacob Haehnlen, a Harrisburg native previously engaged in the grocery business. During the years of their co-partnership, Ketterlinus exhibited work at the Franklin Institute's Exhibitions of American Manufactures (1854 and 1856) and relocated his establishment to the northwest corner of Fourth and Arch Streets (401 Arch Street). Formerly the site of C. A. Brown & Co.'s book store, Ketterlinus purchased the lot and commissioned the construction of a five-story iron and brick building for his business and rentable retail space on the ground level. The partnership with Haehnlen dissolved by December 1857 and by 1858 Ketterlinus printed manufacturer label's that rivaled European designs and earned the highest praise from the Franklin Institute., Following the amicable disassociation, Ketterlinus's business continued to thrive and expand well into the 1870s. By 1871, R.G. Dun & Co. credit reports indicate Ketterlinus's printing business estimated worth at about $250,000 and he owned approximately $500,000 worth of real estate in Philadelphia. The success of his printing business combined with his real estate savvy attributed to his increasing personal wealth. Around the same time that he acquired 401 Arch Street in the early 1850s, Ketterlinus purchased 311 and 313 Arch Street with the intention of renting the properties to wholesale businesses. He also owned and rented a series of six stores below Cherry Street at 117 to 127 North Fourth Street, all of which were destroyed by fire in 1878., In 1874, Ketterlinus's brother-in-law John F. Reyenthaler became the sole proprietor of the printing establishment known by this time as the Ketterlinus Printing House. Reyenthaler's ownership and involvement in the company was short-lived and in 1876 Ketterlinus's son John Louis became proprietor and focused on creating advertising trade cards for businesses, which he displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. By this time the Ketterlinus Printing House employed the most advanced equipment available, such as the Hoe steam power press, and maintained a large typographic department with cylinder presses. The firm remained in operation until ca. 1970., After arriving in Philadelphia, Ketterlinus originally resided with his two brothers, Paul and Adolphus, at 34 Old York Road, before moving with his family to North Fifth Street in Northern Liberties by 1849. Ketterlinus then moved to several residences within Ward 2 before settling on School House Lane in Germantown around 1861. Although married to Anna Marie (b. ca. 1832) with whom he had his first child in 1848, Ketterlinus had previously fathered a son with Barbara Helig in November 1847 to whom a court ruled he pay support. Ketterlinus and his wife had six children, including Mary A., Millie, lithographer John Louis, William K., Eugene, and Kate W. By 1876 he had retired from his business and left the company to his son John Louis. Ketterlinus passed away on June 15, 1886.

: Ketterlinus, J. L. (John Louis); John Louis Ketterlinus, son of Philadelphia lithographer Eugene Ketterlinus, born on June 18, 1852 in Philadelphia, was proprietor of Ketterlinus Printing house, later Ketterlinus Lithographic Manufacturing Company, a firm active until ca. 1970. In 1876 Ketterlinus assumed the premier commercial lithograph and printing establishment E. Ketterlinus & Co. started in 1842 by his father Eugene (1824-1886) and Uncle Paul (1820-1894) at Fourth Street below Arch Street. The firm, which printed color stock cards and manufacturer's labels earlier than any other Philadelphia firm was renowned for their label work. The "plain & fancy printing" firm also printed illustrated Congressional documents, "cards, bill heads, notes, checks, circulars, and catalogues" in addition to "embossed show cards, perfumery, fabric, wine and liquor labels, druggists' furniture, jar and drawer labels.", Under the younger Ketterlinus's management, the firm focused on printing advertising trade cards for the 1876 Centennial Exhibition and operated from a large building owned by the elder Ketterlinus at the northwest corner of Fourth and Arch Streets, The shop employed the most advanced equipment of the time, such as the Hoe steam power press; employed innovative techniques for graining details; and maintained a large typographic department with cylinder presses., Under J. Ketterlinus's administration from the 1890s to about 1920, the business expanded physically to include all of the land north to Appletree Street and west to 413 Arch Street. Builder William R. Dougherty oversaw the addition of two stories to the existing building in 1894, and after the business was incorporated into the Ketterlinus Lithographic Manufacturing Company in 1896 with John as president, a new eight-story concrete building was constructed by architects and engineers Ballinger & Perot in 1905. This structure, along with properties spanning the entire city block, was demolished ca. 1965 for the construction of the fourth United States Mint building. In 1919, Ketterlinus semi-retired from the firm and became Chairman of its Board of Directors. The firm remained in business until ca. 1970., Ketterlinus was born in Northern Liberties preceding his family's relocation to School House Lane in Germantown around 1861. Educated at the Germantown Academy, his education in lithography began when he was fifteen at his father's establishment, where he rotated between departments and experimented with creating color lithographs. Ketterlinus was married to Elizabeth H. B. (1856-1930) and resided in Germantown and the Rittenhouse Square sections of Philadelphia. When he retired as president of the printing house in the early 1920s, Ketterlinus became more active in his various clubs, including the Union League, the Racquet Club, Philadelphia Country Club, Manufacturers' Club, and Sunnybrook Golf Club. Ketterlinus died in Jacksonville, Florida, his winter residence, on July 22, 1932 and was interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. He left no children.

: King, Patrick; Patrick King worked as a lithographer and printer in Philadelphia ca. 1857-1869. Employed by P. S. Duval at his 8 South Fifth Street establishment in 1857, by 1860 King relocated to 716 Chestnut Street, a location also tenanted by artist W. F. Jones, and later the daguerreotype studio of McClees and Germon. Although King remained in the trade, his subsequent business addresses are unknown., In 1857, King resided on Jefferson Street, west of Broad Street (Ward 29) and later relocated to 1612 Richard (i.e., Addison) Street in Center City where he lived 1864-1865. By the end of the decade he resided at 714 Holly (i.e. South Mole) Street in South Philadelphia.

: Knirsch, Otto; Otto Knirsch, born ca. 1831 in Prussia, possibly Dresden, Germany operated a lithographic establishment (311 Chestnut Street, later 311 and 429 Walnut Street) in Philadelphia 1858-ca. 1861. A practical lithographer, Knirsch worked for Currier & Ives designing genre scenes, landscapes, and political cartoons during the 1850s before he relocated to Philadelphia. Knirsch's known work issued in Philadelphia includes portraiture, genre views, and a sheet music cover. In 1865, Knirsch relocated to Chicago and founded the Chicago Lithographing Company with Otto Jevne, Peter M. Almini, Louis Kurz and Edward Carqueville. The firm specialized in view prints and was active into the 1870s. Following the fire Knirsch relocated to New Jersey and remained in the trade until at least 1893., Knirsch was married to Mary (b. ca. 1842) with whom he had two sons. In 1860, the family resided at 742 South Eighth Street (Ward 3) in Philadelphia. While a Philadelphia resident, Knirsch was active in the Maennerchor Musical Society and served on their Eleventh Annual Grand Fancy Dress Ball committee in 1858. Following the Chicago fire of 1871, Knirsch and his family relocated to Hoboken, New Jersey where he was a member of the Hoboken Rifles Club. By 1880, the household included a servant. Knirsh remained in Hoboken residing and working as a lithographer in Jersey City with his son Otto, Jr. (b. ca. 1854) as of 1893.

: Koehler, Otto; Otto Koehler, born ca. 1830 in Hesse, Germany, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia, including from a studio at 720 Chestnut Street (later the establishment of the Resteins), between ca. 1858 and the mid 1870s. In 1870 Koehler, according to his listing in the census, also worked in the field of photography, Koehler resided in North Philadelphia while active in the trade in the city. In 1860 he resided at 4 Godfrey Avenue (Ward 19) with his wife Philipina (b. ca. 1834) and two children under six years of age born in Philadelphia. He also owned personal estate worth $800. In 1870 he resided at 1535 Stiles Street (Ward 20) with his second wife Christina (b. ca. 1844) and two children from his previous wife. His personal estate was valued at $300 and his real estate at $3500. By 1880 he had relocated his residency to Burlington, N.J. and continued to work as a lithographer outside of Philadelphia.

: Kohl, August; August Kohl, born ca. 1844 in Holland, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1880. He resided at 335 East Little Crown (i.e., China) Street with Charles Burk and family in Ward 12. Kohl has previously been conflated with lithographer-turned druggist August Hohl, born in Germany in 1845, who in 1880 operated a drug store at the northeast corner of Fourth Street and Girard Avenue and resided with his wife in Ward 12.

: Kolb, Hermania; Hermania Kolb, born of German descent ca. 1859 in Philadelphia, worked as a lithographer in the city in 1880 while a resident at [1405?] North Fifth Street. She was one of the few listed female lithographers of the 19th century., Kolb was married to Augustus (b. ca. 1856), a cutler, and lived in a household with a servant

: Kollner, Augustus; Augustus Kollner, born 1812 in Wurttemberg, Germany, was a distinguished 19th-century Philadelphia artist, etcher, engraver, and lithographer who started his career in the arts in Germany. Kollner worked as an engraver of book illustrations and animal portraiture in Stutgart by 1828 and in Paris during the 1830s. He immigrated to the United States via New York and then to Washington, D.C. in 1839. In D.C., he worked at the Haas firm and lithographed advertisements, bank notes, and cityscape views until he relocated to Philadelphia in 1840. In his new city of residence, he established a studio as a portrait painter at Chestnut and Exchange streets with a residence at Noble above Franklin streets by 1844., Soon after his Philadelphia arrival, with his portrait studio proving unsuccessful, Kollner began his lithographic career in Philadelphia as the second chief artist of P. S. Duval and William Huddy's "U.S. Military Magazine" (1839-1842). By the mid 1840s, Kollner had married well-to-do Mary Sheek (ca. 1821-1899) and continued to work with Duval as well as the other premier establishments of Thomas Sinclair, Wagner & McGuigan, J. T. Bowen, and Frederick Kuhl. He also declared his intent to naturalize in 1844 and resided at 39 North Fourth Street over the book and drug store of his brother-in-law Charles Rademacher and his wife Catherine, whose murder was sadly discovered by Kollner in 1848., Between 1847 and 1848, Kollner became the artist for the lithographic firm Brechemin & Camp (Phoenix Block, Second and Dock streets) where he designed all genres of lithographs as well as advertised his picturesque views based on his annual summer sketching trips of the East Coast, including Canada. In addition, his views of American landmarks, including Philadelphia, began to be published for the seminal series "View of American Cities" issued 1848-1851 by Goupil, Vibert & Co. He also assumed a partnering role with John H. Camp following the retirement of Louis Brechemin. During this time Kollner had also relocated his residence to 239 Arch Street, where he lived ca. 1848-ca. 1854., The new partnership lasted to ca. 1851 during which time the men issued a number of advertisements promoting their collaboration and Kollner began his work for the American Sunday School Union. He contributed a number of plates for their children's' moral lesson books such as "City Sights for Country Eyes" (1856). The lithographs created by pen and ink were atypical for American pictorial lithography and often included Kollner's expertise in the delineation of horses. The final year of their partnership yielded the noted multi-foot Dripp's map of New York City., After 1851, Kollner established his own firm at the Phoenix Block address, which he advertised with a catalog of specimens that included bank notes and examples of script. As a sole proprietor, he produced labels, advertisements, maps, and city and landscape views, including "East View of Philadelphia, Pennsylva. and part of Camden, New Jersey" (1856). During the 1850s Kollner also exhibited lithographic maps, book engravings, and colored drawings, respectively at the 1852, 1854, and 1856 Exhibition of American Manufacturers at the Franklin Institute. He and his family relocated to 616 North Seventh Street in 1855 as well. The residence, a part of the estate of his wife, remained Kollner's dwelling until his death. From 1870 to 1900, the household included a servant., By 1861, Kollner gave up his Dock Street establishment. However, he remained in the trade through the 1870s, including the lithography of a plan for a Philadelphia post office and court house, one of a series of about 50 portfolios of architectural plans issued 1855-1861 by the Construction Branch of the Treasury. That year, he also took a life class at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA). During the Civil War, despite his age, he enlisted in the cavalry in 1863, and in 1865 and 1868, displayed drawings at PAFA and sold photographic reproductions of his etchings executed while a soldier. In the 1870s, Kollner produced his last major series of landscape lithographs and issued "Bits of Nature" in 1878, which focused on unusual landscapes in Fairmount Park in addition to a similar set depicting Maryland, Pennsylvania, Canada and Virginia. Previous series included "North American Foliage and Trees" in 1860., With his work in lithography waning in the 1870s - he never pursued chromolithography - Kollner focused more on his watercolors and oil painting, many of which show Bucks County and Philadelphia and are held in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Other watercolor work included his series of the "Life of General Washington" advertised in the late 19th century. By the early 1880s, Kollner "retired" and described himself as a "gentleman," while he continued to make regular sketching trips around the Philadelphia area. Some of the etchings produced from these trips, often of Fairmount Park, were published in 1895 as "Life Scenes in the Park.", Kollner married in 1843 and had several children with Mary of whom three survived beyond infancy: William (b. 1849); Clara (ca. 1845) who married businessman Edward Mears, Jr. in 1867; and Josephine (b. 1847) who remained unmarried and took care of her father in his later years until his death on December 10, 1906.

: Kraft, Lewis; Lewis Kraft, born in Germany ca. 1811, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia by 1850. He immigrated to the United States by 1849; the year his son Charles was born in Pennsylvania. He resided on Spruce Street in southeast Center City (Pine Ward) with his German-born wife Wilhelmina (b. ca. 1818) and three sons William (b. ca. 1842), Julius (b. ca. 1845) and Charles (b. ca. 1849)., Possibly the same Lewis C. Kraft listed as a ropemaker in the 1864 Philadelphia city directory.

: Kramer, Peter; Peter Kramer, an artist, painter, and lithographer born in Zweibrücken, Germany on July 24, 1823, was active in Philadelphia ca. 1848-ca. 1865. Kramer immigrated to New York on the Hendrik Hudson in October 1847 and settled in Philadelphia shortly there after. He partnered with P. S. Duval to delineate lithographs as early as 1848, including "Charles Oakford's 1848 & 49 Fashions for Hats, Caps & Furs, Wholesale & Retail Establishment, No. 104 Chestnut St., Philadelphia." He also designed political cartoons, including "The Resurrection of Henry Box Brown at Philadelphia" for L. N. Rosenthal and sheet music covers, including "City Museum Polka," for Thomas Sinclair in the early 1850s. By 1853, he operated from 116 Chestnut Street with lithographer Edward Herline and map publisher James D. Scott. Many sources indicate that Kramer left the states in 1857 to open a studio in Stuttgart, Germany, but Philadelphia city directory listings, census information, and the imprint of the Civil War satire "Shadows of the Times" (1862) published by Kramer and French-born lithographer Caspar Muringer suggest he remained in Philadelphia until ca. 1865. By the 1870 census, Peter Kramer, artist, lives in New York City (Ward 17) with his family., During his career in Philadelphia, Kramer lived with his German-born wife Louisa (b. ca. 1823) and their five children north of Center City in the Spring Garden and Northern Liberties neighborhoods. By about 1857, Kramer probably relocated his residence to New Jersey - censuses for 1860 and 1870 indicate that their daughter Julia was born in New Jersey ca. 1857. By 1880, Kramer resided at 231 East Tenth Street in New York, but by 1900, he lived with his daughter Julia and her family in Brooklyn, New York (Ward 25), where he died on July 30, 1907.

: Kramer, William; According to Peters, William Kramer served as the lithographer with L. N. Rosenthal on plates printed for H. L. Stephens "The Comic Natural History of the Human Race" (1851) signed "Rosenthal & Kramer.", Possibly the William Kramer, born ca. 1814 in Pennsylvania, who worked as a printer in Philadelphia in the mid 19th century. In 1850, he resided in Spring Garden (Ward 6) and was married to Adeline (b. ca. 1812)., Most likely the Kramer cited by Peters was the lithographer Peter Kramer misidentified as William Kramer.

: Kramm, Gustavus; Gustavus Kramm, born ca. 1807 in Frankfurt-au-Main, Germany, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia between the 1830s and 1850s. During the 1830s Kramm worked in New York City and Philadelphia before moving to Philadelphia ca. 1844 where he remained in the profession until 1854. During his early career, he lithographed a number of sheet music covers, including "Les Extraordinaires Paganini Quadrille" and worked for the Philadelphia firm Lehman & Duval (1835-1836). In 1851, he operated from the studio of L. N. Rosenthal at the S.E. corner of Third and Dock Streets. Between 1849 and 1852, he worked on a number of maps, including collaborations with George Worley on the "Map of Burlington County" (R.P. Smith, 1849) and "Map of the City of Philadelphia" (A. McElroy, 1852). He lived in Philadelphia at 1 Emslie's Alley and 27 Wharton Street and was married to Sarah (b. ca. 1818), and had three children. In his later years, he lived in Cincinnati, St. Louis, Missouri, and Iowa where he joined the 37th Iowa in 1863. He was accidentally killed at Memphis, Tennessee on August 16, 1864.

: Kuchel, Charles Conrad; Charles Conrad Kuchel, the noted California lithographer born in Zweibrücken, Switzerland in 1820, worked in the trade in Philadelphia ca. 1840-ca. 1853. By 1840 Kuchel worked in the local trade as a lithographic artist from a studio at 19 Cherry Street where he delineated a portrait of Washington printed in cooperation with Frederick Kuhl (24 Vine Street). In 1845 city directories list Kuchel at Kuhl's establishment at 46 1/2 Walnut Street. A year later, he was naturalized, applied for a passport in Philadelphia, and entered into a partnership with William C. Alden in Hartford, Ct. Although the business did not last beyond 1846, Kuchel continued to work with Alden until about 1849 before he returned to work in Philadelphia about 1851 at P. S. Duval & Co.. He remained at the Duval establishment where he lithographed cityscape views, including "Commissioners Hall, Spring Garden" (1851), book illustrations, surgical plates, and non-Philadelphia views until about 1853., Shortly thereafter, he relocated to San Francisco and entered into Kuchel & Dresel, a partnership with Emil Dresel that specialized in views of California mining camps and towns. He also acted as mentor to Grafton Tyler Brown (1841-1918), a Pennsylvania-born, black artist who later operated his own lithographic studio in San Francisco. Kuchel & Dresel dissolved in 1859 and Kuchel continued in the trade, including the partnership Nagel, Fishbourne & Kuchel (1862) in San Francisco until his death on December 20, 1864.

: Kuhl, Frederick; Frederick Kuhl, born in Hesse Darmstadt circa 1812, traveled to New York in 1839 and was naturalized in Philadelphia in 1844. He operated from 24 Vine Street in 1840 and 120 South Second Street, rear / 46 1/2 (i.e., 200 block) Walnut Street circa 1843-1851 and 46 1/2 Walnut Street and 7 Powell Street circa 1852-1853 before moving to San Francisco by 1854. He worked with lithographer Augustus Kollner in the early 1840s and partnered with George Kuhl in the partnership F. & G. Kuhl 1842-1846., Kuhl also worked with John Childs at his establishment, known as the "Lithographic Institute," between 1848 and about 1854 when Morris Traubel, Theodore Leonhardt, Edward Schnabel, and John Finkeldey assumed the business. Kuhl is known principally for printing advertising prints, particularly with William H. Rease, and portrait lithographs during the 1840s and was starting to branch out into map printing in the early 1850s.

: Kuhl, George; George Kuhl, born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany in 1820, traveled to New York in 1837 and was naturalized in Philadelphia in 1842. He was active as a lithographer in Philadelphia 1842-1846, where he died of tuberculosis at his residence at 4 Courtlin Place on November 26, 1846. He was a partner with Frederick Kuhl in the firm of F. & G. Kuhl during the mid-1840s.

: Kunzman, George; George Kunzman, born of German descent ca. 1840 in Philadelphia, worked as a lithographer from ca. 1861 to the early 20th century. Philadelphia city directories first list Kunzman as a lithographer in 1861 at the establishment of Frederick Kuhl at 57 South Fourth Street. Soon thereafter, he was most likely the George Kunzman who enlisted in Company K, 20th Infantry Regiment and served in the military for a year. After the war, Kunzman partnered in Kunzman & Hall with Henry or James Hall at 216 1/2 Walnut Street by 1866. The "general lithographers" advertised their lithographic work of maps, show cards, bill heads, and drafts. Kunzman continued in the trade until at least 1910 following his relocation to Camden, N.J. where he served as the treasurer for the Gloucester Democratic Club in 1913., Kunzman resided in Center City until the later 19th century. He lived with his parents Francis (b. ca. 1800), a clerk, and Elizabeth (b. ca. 1810) between 1860 and 1880, including 421 and 606 Spruce Street (the latter until at least 1885 when he married). By 1910 Kunzman had relocated to Camden, N.J. and resided on 439 Market Street with his New Jersey-born wife Ellen (b. ca. 1872), sister-in-law, and niece.

: Kurtz, Horatio J.; Horatio J. Kurtz, born ca. 1844 in Pennsylvania, worked as an artist and lithographer in Philadelphia ca. 1859-ca. 1900. Kurtz entered the lithographic trade as an apprentice to William Rease with whom he lived ca. 1859-ca. 1860 at 1440 Marshall Street. During the Civil War, Kurtz served in the Pennsylvania infantry (1864-65), and in 1867 entered into a partnership with his former master artisan Rease. The known work of the business, which lasted about a year, includes the souvenir advertisement print "City of Philadelphia, 1867.", A year later, Kurtz worked as an artist at 413 Chestnut Street, one of the 1867 addresses for Duval, Swander & Co. Kurtz remained in the trade through the 1870s and 1880s, including the 1877 partnership Kurtz & Brother (Fifth and Chestnut Streets) and his own firm at 605 Sansom Street where he produced a ca. 1880 advertisement for Simes Storage. Despite some professional success - Kurtz owned $1000 worth of real estate in 1870 as a "sign painter"- the lithographer 's personal life was marred by the publicly reported abuse of his wife Lois (b. ca. 1848) who filed for divorce in 1881 after 14 years of marriage., According to city directories, Kurtz also worked as a clerk during the 1880s, as well as as a salesman in 1890. For the 1910 census, Kurtz listed his occupation as artist, although earlier in the decade he filed for his Civil War pension under the status "invalid." According to his pension records, Kurtz died on January 1, 1917 in New Brunswick, N.J.

: Laborn, Adolph; Adolph Laborn, born ca. 1835 in Ohio, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He resided at 537 Spruce Street (Ward 5) in a boarding house operated by Elizabeth H. Remson with fellow lithographers Charles Schilcock and Nicholas Ships.

: Landis, Enos Y.; Enos Y. Landis, born September 1837 in Pennsylvania, worked in Philadelphia as a lithographer who specialized in trade cards 1875-ca. 1893. Before he entered the lithography trade in Philadelphia, Landis was probably the natural science and vocal music teacher listed in the 1860 census at the New York Conference Seminary in Charlotteville, New York. By 1870 he had located to Clinton, New Jersey where he lived with his wife and younger Landis family members, probably his siblings. In 1875, he entered the lithography trade and worked from an establishment at 716 Filbert with fellow lithographer tenants Duval & Hunter, Packard & Butler, and Louis H. Everts. By 1890, Landis relocated his business to 306-308 Chestnut Street and remained listed in city directories until ca. 1904, as lithographer or manager at the Chestnut Street address or president at 410 Walnut Street in 1896., During his career in Philadelphia, Landis resided in North Philadelphia and Germantown at 1437 North Twelfth Street (1875); 1723 North Eighth Street (1880); 4241 Wayne Avenue (1890) and 3445 North Fifteenth Street (1893-). Landis was married to Mary (b. ca. 1843) with whom he had at least two children. By 1900, he resided as a widowed boarder at 1703 Tioga Street. Landis, a member of the Artisans Order of Mutual Protection died on December 17, 1907. His funeral service was held at the Tioga Methodist Episcopal Church and he was interred at Ivy Hill Cemetery.

: Landis, T. J. Shepherd; T. J. Shepherd Landis, was a lithographer in Philadelphia, Newark, and New York who alone and in partnerships produced from the 1880s-1910s a number of views of cities in New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut., Known non-view work includes the "Broad St. Baptist Church. Philadelphia, Penna." drawn and lithographed by Landis ca. 1875.

: Lawson, T. B.; T.B. Lawson was an artist of sketches and portraits for the premier Philadelphia firm Childs & Inman active 1830-1833., Lawson was probably the artist Thomas B. Lawson who was born in Newbury, Massachusetts on January 13, 1807 and lived in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1850 with his wife Catharine (b. ca. 1814) and children Frances (b. ca. 1842) and Lella (b. ca. 1848). In 1831, he lived in New York and trained at the National Academy of Design for which Henry Inman (Childs & Inman) was one of the founders. In 1832, he located to Philadelphia briefly before returning to Newburyport, where he worked as a portrait painter. Lawson also exhibited work at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts annual exhibitions for 1876 and 1885.

: Lawton, Francis; Francis Lawton, born ca. 1835 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia from the late 1850s to early 1870s, including under the employ of P. S. Duval 1857-1859 (during his insolvency)., According to censuses, in 1860 Lawton resided with his wife Margaret (b. ca. 1826) and two children as a lithographer in Ward 11 with personal estate valued at $500. Lawton departed the trade by the 1880 census when he was listed as a salesmen. In 1900 his listed occupation was "calksman's files.", Lawton resided in North Philadelphia during his lithographic career, including 203 Jefferson Street (1857), 1528 North Fourth Street (1859), 1126/1128 Ogden Street (1863-1870), and Vernon Street near North Tenth Street (1871).

: Ledger Job Printing Office; The Ledger Job Printing Office comprised the printing division, including lithography, of the "Philadelphia Public Ledger" owned by George W. Childs. By 1863, the division printed playbills before managed by Joseph E. Jackson from 1869 to 1876, when it became a major printer of stock theatrical posters with printer Robert C. Smith (d. 1887) serving as foreman for several years. The division also issued specimen books of their "theatrical cuts" and advertised their services through chromolithographed trade cards from the late 1860s through the 1870s. The Printing Office remained active until 1896 at an annex (605 Sansom Street) after being relocated from the main building at the S.W. cor. 6th and Chestnut streets.

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