Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers

The Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers contains the biographies of over 500 artists, lithographers, printers, and publishers who worked in commercial lithography in Philadelphia between 1828 and 1878.

Collection Metadata

Title: Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers
Description: The Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers contains the biographies of over 500 artists, lithographers, printers, and publishers who worked in commercial lithography in Philadelphia between 1828 and 1878.
Identifier: Islandora:POSB2
Language: eng

Pages

: Lehman & Bolton; Lehman & Bolton was the lithographic and letterpress business of Norristown, Pennsylvania-natives William H. Lehman and Mahlon Bolton, Jr. established in 1873 at 418-422 Library Street. The firm, formerly Jacob Haehnlen's establishment at Goldsmiths' Hall, specialized in commercial lithographs such as billheads, letterheads, and advertisements. During the 1870s, according to credit reports, the average estimated worth of the business was $30,000. They also produced genre scenes and commemorative prints, including a ca. 1876 print for the Roxborough Baptist Sunday School featuring vignettes of Centennial Exhibition buildings as well as received an award for their work exhibited at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition., In November 1878 Lehman passed away following an unsuccessful retreat to Colorado to improve his health. Despite Lehman's death, the firm continued as Lehman & Bolton. Within three years tragedy again struck the business when a fire on December 20, 1882 destroyed the Goldsmiths' Hall. Lehman & Bolton lost three floors of machinery and products worth about $150,000 with allied businesses and fellow tenants Markley & Co., prints, and A. C. Farley, lithographer and stationer, suffering losses as well., Soon after the fire, Lehman & Bolton relocated to the upper floors of 715-719 Arch Street, a building (sixty feet wide and seventy-five feet deep) recently erected by Quaker real estate developer Elliston P. Morris. In the early morning hours of January 26, 1886, fire again struck the building of the lithographic establishment that also housed wholesale shoe dealers Monroe Brothers & Co., lithographers Butler & Partridge, and photo-engravers Crosscup & West. The opposing establishment of lithographer George S. Harris (720-724 Arch Street) suffered damage as well. All total, Lehman & Bolton lost approximately $100,000 in this second disaster, for which they were fully insured unlike the 1882 fire., As a testament to the success of the company, Lehman & Bolton was able to resume business at 125 North Fifth Street by September 1886. The same year, "Sennefelder" union lithograph printers in their employ and other large establishments, including Geo. S. Harris & Sons, Ketterlinus Printing House, Thomas Sinclair & Son, Wells & Hope Company, and Hofstetter's went on strike to reduce the work week from 54 1/2 to 53 hours. Newspaper reports indicated a few firms conceded immediately, but the affect on Lehman and Bolton was unrecorded., Around 1890 Lehman & Bolton relocated to 525 Arch Street, which the firm tenanted for thirty years. The company operated until at least 1945.

: Lehman & Duval; Lehman & Duval, the partnership between Philadelphia lithographers George Lehman and P. S. Duval, was active 1834-1837. The lithographers partnered in late 1834 when Cephas G. Childs (Childs & Lehman) sold his half of the business to Duval to repay a $750 debt. The firm, located at 7 Bank Alley, produced portraits, advertisements, certificates, maps, views, and book illustrations. Artists at Lehman & Duval included James Queen who served a four-and-a-half year apprenticeship and artist Albert Newsam. In 1837 Lehman left the partnership and Duval took over as sole proprietor.

: Lehman, George; George Lehman, partner in Childs & Lehman, born ca. 1803 in Switzerland, was a lithographer, engraver, "ornamental painter," and aquatintist in Philadelphia ca. 1825-ca. 1870. Lehman immigrated to the United States as a "printer," arriving aboard the ship "Howard" at the port of New York with his parents and siblings, including a number in the stonecutting trade, on June 11, 1824. Not only a printer, but also a talented landscapist, he exhibited views of Pennsylvania and Switzerland at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts by 1825 and served as John James Audubon's assistant on a trip to Florida 1831-1832. Between 1833 and 1834 Lehman partnered in Childs & Lehman, and subsequently with French lithographer P. S. Duval to operate Lehman & Duval from 7 Bank Alley 1835-1837., Although a partner in Childs & Lehman 1833-1834, Lehman's professional affiliation with Childs preceded this affiliation, and he delineated works printed by Childs as early as 1827. As Childs & Lehman (43-45 Walnut Street), the firm predominately created lithographs of public landmarks in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, including views of "Eastern Penitentiary," "Fairmount Waterworks," "Philadelphia Arcade," and "Coal Mine at Maunch Chunk.", At the end of 1834, Lehman & Duval was established when P. S. Duval purchased Childs' share of the business for $750. Relocated to 7 Bank Alley, the establishment printed portraits, maps, sheet music illustrations, advertisements, certificates, views of public buildings and book illustrations. The firm also retained the noted lithographic artists Albert Newsam and James Queen, the latter serving a four-and-a-half year apprenticeship with the firm. In 1837, Lehman left the partnership, but continued to delineate work for his former partner, such as "Wyoming Monument" announced in a "North American" advertisement in 1842. He was also most likely the George W. Lehman listed in the 1855 city directory as a burnisher at Duval's establishment at 5 Ranstead Place., Lehman remained as a lithographer in Philadelphia until at least the mid-1840s, working from several locations, including 186 North Sixth Street (1841), 137 North Sixth Street (1843), and the rear of 40 St. John Street (1844). He purportedly died in Philadelphia in 1870.

: Lehman, William H.; William H. Lehman, partner in the lithographic firm Lehman & Bolton, was born in 1847 in Norristown, Pennsylvania, Born to German emigrants, merchant miller Henry (b. 1819) and Sophia (b. 1818), William had three Pennsylvania-born siblings: Amelia R. (b. 1844), Emma M. (b. 1846), and Clara (b. 1855), all of with whom he lived in 1860., A clerk during the late 1860s, Lehman partnered with lithographer Mahlon Bolton, Jr. in 1873 to form Lehman & Bolton at the former establishment of Jacob Haehnlen at Goldsmiths' Hall. The firm operated until 1920. By 1870 William resided at 2214 Wallace Street with his wife Isabell (b. 1851) and child Clara (b. 1874). Though the business bore his name until 1920, Lehman died prematurely at the age of thirty-one in 1878. William's wife and daughter resided with his business partner Mahlon Bolton and his family after his death.

: Leonhardt, Arno; Arno Leonhardt, son of German-born lithographer Theodore Leonhardt, born in Philadelphia on October 21, 1850, was partner in Theo. Leonhardt & Son, and treasurer of the National Lithographers' Association (NLA). Born and raised at Second and Spruce Streets (Dock Street Ward ) following his parents relocation from New York, Leonhardt received his grade-school education at a Quaker School (Sixth and Spruce Streets), a German School, and the Beck School at (Sixth and Catharine Streets). At age fifteen, following the completion of his schooling, Leonhardt started work as an apprentice at his father's establishment (109 South Fourth Street). Through this apprenticeship, he learned all aspects of the trade from engraving and lithography to business and book keeping., In 1874 Leonhardt's father appointed him partner in the establishment that had relocated to 324 Chestnut Street. Theo. Leonhardt & Son focused primarily on producing mercantile and bank lithographic prints, including bonds, certificates, checks, diplomas, cards, letterheads and labels. He continued to operate the establishment after his father's death in 1877, and oversaw the relocation of the company to 123 and 125 South Fifth Street (southeast corner of Fifth and Library Streets) around 1890. Following his father's death, Leonhardt resided in his parents' former home at 526 Buttonwood Street (Ward 12) with his wife, Anna Gramer (b. 1861), and children Helen (b. ca. 1891), Theodore (b. ca. 1893), Arno (b. ca. 1896), and Carl (b. ca. 1898)., Through his position with the NLA, Leonhardt also served as chairman of the Committee of Arrangements for the "Centennial Celebration of the Invention of Lithography" in Philadelphia in July 1896. Leonhardt corresponded extensively with Centennial Honorary Committee member and fellow lithographer Louis Prang to plan the event that gathered prominent American lithographers together to commemorate "an invention that has uplifted the human race ..." Celebrants attended an exhibition of historic and contemporary lithography, lectures, and a banquet., In addition to his involvement with the NLA, Leonhardt was active in several Philadelphia-based organizations, many affiliated with the German community. including President of the Junger Maennerchor in addition to membership in the Zoological Society, Fairmount Park Art Association, Cannstatter Society, and the Masonic Veterans' Association., On January 9, 1909, Leonhardt died suddenly of "apoplexy" at his establishment listed at 867 North Seventh Street. His funeral, held January 14, 1909, from his residency at 867 North Seventh Street to the Junger Maennerchor Hall was attended by more than 5,000 persons. His body was laid to rest at Woodlands Cemetery. In accordance with his will, his sons Theodore, Arno, and Carl assumed proprietorship of the lithographic business, which operated until about 1960.

: Leonhardt, Joseph; Joseph Leonhardt worked as a lithographer at the establishment of P.S. Duval (8 South Fifth Street) in Philadelphia in 1857. He resided at Courtland Place near New Market Street near Vine Street. He may be the Joseph Leonhardt listed in the 1864 Philadelphia city directory as a grocer at 339 New Market Street.

: Leonhardt, Theodore; Theodore Leonhardt, born October 18, 1818 in Bautzen, Germany, worked as a commercial lithographer in Philadelphia, producing certificates, bonds, checks, diplomas, cards, letterheads and labels. Trained in the trade in Germany under Beneke, he worked in Leipzig and Gorlitz until 1848 when forced to emigrate from the revolutions. As a result , Leonhardt arrived in New York City in 1849 with his German-born wife Emilie (b. 1820), and two young sons, who died from cholera shortly thereafter. By August 1850, Leonhardt relocated to Philadelphia and established a shop at Third Street and Elbow Lane ca. 1851 before partnering in 1853 with fellow German-born lithographers Maurice Traubel, Edward Schnabel and John F. Finkeldey in the purchase of Frederick Kuhl's "Lithographic Institute" near Dock Street (46 1/2 Walnut Street). Departing the "Institute" ca. 1856, Leonhardt worked with J. Henry Camp (211 Chestnut Street) in 1857, then with Ferdinand Moras (609 Chestnut Street 1858-1859), before in 1861 he opened his own firm at 109 South Fourth Street. In 1868, he relocated his firm to 114 South Third Street and in 1871 Leonhardt engaged Theodore Bosin as his partner so that he could travel and take a brief hiatus from the business until 1872. By 1871, he had also become a naturalized citizen, probably through the New York Court in 1857. At his return, the establishment removed to 324 Chestnut and in 1874 he promoted his son, Arno Leonhardt (1850-1909), from "errand boy and stone grinder" to partner in the company. Two years later, the partnership celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the family business in conjunction with the Centennial Exhibition and issued a souvenir flier advertisement illustrated with Centennial imagery, including vignettes representing the arts. The firm also issued specimen sheets and catalogs promoting their "finely detailed" commercial job printing work as well as expanded theirbuilding ca. 1880, despite the "dreadfully dull" trade during the late 1870s. In 1890, the firm relocated to the southeast corner of Fifth and Library streets and began to include an illustrated, quarter-page advertisement promoting the firm in the city directory (The Library Company holds one of the original copperplates)., Although primarily a lithographic firm specializing in commercial work, the Leonhardts' also imported European trade cards and printed a number of membership certificates reflective of their ties to the local German community, including "Die Deutsche Gesellschaftes staates Pennsylvanien and Gambrinus Unterstutzungus Gesellschaft and Gambrinus Unterstutzungus Gesellschaft" (ca. 1875). The certificate for membership to a German brewing society contains a jauntily portrayed King Gambrinus, patron saint of beer., Upon arrival in Philadelphia, Leonhardt resided with his wife, and son Arno in the Dock Street Ward, the area Leonhardt would reside his entire career and the rest of his life. Originally tenanting Second and Spruce Streets (Arno's residence at birth), by 1854, the family lived at 208 South Fourth Street and later 247, 518, 344 South Fourth Street, respectively, before finally settling at 526 Buttonwood Street. Leonhardt died on August 9, 1877 and his son Arno continued to operate the lithographic establishment and produce mercantile and bank lithographs. The firm remained in operation until at least 1960.

: Leonhardt, Thomas; Thomas Leonhardt worked as an engraver and lithographer in Philadelphia from 1859 to 1860 with commercial lithographer Theodore Leonhardt at his 609 Chestnut Street establishment. He also resided in Theodore's household at 518 South Fourth Street in Center City (Ward 5)., Thomas was possibly conflated with Theodore Leonhardt in Philadelphia city directories.

: Lesueur, Charles Alexandre; Charles Alexandre Lesueur, born January 1, 1778 in Le-Havre, France, was an artist, naturalist, and early member of the Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia), who experimented with lithography in Philadelphia in the late 1810s and early 1820s. An experienced specimens illustrator from a previous travel expedition with French commander Nicholas Baudin, Lesueur arrived in America in 1816 at the bequest of Scottish-American geologist William Maclure to explore the Northeastern United States., In 1817, he learned copperplate engraving and in 1819 began to experiment with lithography in Philadelphia as a means to illustrate his own articles in scientific periodicals. Lesueur resided in Philadelphia between 1818 and 1825 and worked as an art teacher, illustrator, and naturalist. He received diplomas from the Academy of Natural Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the Societas Medica Philadelphiensis. In 1821, lithographs that he drew and printed after sketches of specimens he made while on his surveys with Maclure illustrated a small number of the October 1821 issue of "The Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" before being replaced by engravings., Lesueur continued to experiment with lithography in the city until about 1823. In 1825 he relocated to the commune New Harmony, Indiana where he remained, except for travels, until 1837. That year he returned to France via New Orleans. In 1846 he was appointed Curator of the Museum of Natural History at LeHavre, France. Lesueur died in France on December 12, 1846

: Levy, Moses; Moses Levy was listed as a lithographer in the 1854 Philadelphia city directory.

: Lewinhoff, Theodore; See Leonhardt, Theodore.

: Lewis, William; William Lewis, born ca. 1834 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He resided in a boarding house in Ward 5 in July 1860 with fellow lithographers George Thomas and William Kelly.

: FLP-LineaweaverWallace-FrankTaylor.jpg; Lineaweaver & Wallace, the steam-power printing firm in Philadelphia operated by Samuel T. Lineaweaver (1837-ca. 1911) and John W. Wallace (b. ca. 1837) between 1866 and ca. 1910, published the tinted lithograph, "View of the grounds and buildings International Exhibition," delineated by lithographer A. L. Weise in 1876. Although the copyright holders and publishers of this lithograph, Lineaweaver & Wallace were primarily steam-powered book and job printers. They helped to organize the Typothetae of Philadelphia in April of 1888, along with Burk & McFetridge and other large Philadelphia printing businesses., Lineaweaver, born in Pennsylvania, began his printing career around 1860 as the foreman of a printing establishment in Madison, Kentucky. He returned to Philadelphia by 1865, where he began his printing business at 31 South Third Street with J. J. Sullivan. Pennsylvania-born John W. Wallace became partner in the firm by 1866. They moved their operations to 32 South Fourth Street ca. 1870, and by 1893, moved to 321 Chestnut Street, the former lithographic establishment of Stein & Jones (1863-1873) and Potsdamer & Co. (1873-1880). Their business survived until around the time of the death of Lineaweaver, who passed away ca. 1911, when his wife, Emma J., began to be listed as a widow in city directories.

: Linfoot & Fleu; Linfoot & Fleu, the short-lived lithographic publishing partnership between architect Benjamin Linfoot and Germantown printer Conyers Fleu, was active 1870-1871. The firm formed in 1870 to publish Philadelphia's second architectural journal, "The American Architect and Builders' Monthly," which included lithographic illustrations of buildings and plans. Their lithograph firm, listed in an 1871 Philadelphia city directory at 328 Walnut Street, dissolved after approximately nine months when the journal ceased operations in January, 1871. In 1874, Linfoot received a certificate of honorable mention for a water color drawing "South Transept Cathedral" exhibited at the Franklin Institute.

: Linton, Samuel B. (Samuel Benton; Samuel B. Linton, born June 1838 in Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania, worked in Philadelphia during the 1860s and 1870s as a lithographer who specialized in maps. As a child, Linton relocated to Washington D.C. with his family when his father was appointed a clerk in the Treasury Department. Before entering the lithography trade, Linton, at age sixteen, began work as a draughtsman for the U. S. Coast Survey. He continued as a draughtsman through much of the Civil War, relocating to Philadelphia soon after his marriage in 1864. About this time he began work as a map draughtsman with G. M. Hopkins. City directories first listed Linton as a lithographer in 1867 at 517 Prune Street. By the following year, Linton had relocated his establishment to 148 - 148 1/2 South Fourth Street (same address as lithographers Jacob M. Conklin and Daniel O'Donnell). During the 1860s and 1870s Linton surveyed and lithographed maps of Civil War sites, the states, and Philadelphia, including the 1872 "Map of the Wissahickon Creek from its Mouth to Paul's Mill Road" and the 1876 "Outline Map of the County and City of Philadelphia." During his career, Linton also worked for the Union Railway and map publisher O. N. Gray, the latter on his 1878 “National Atlas.” He was also a church leader and missionary who helped to organize the Mantawna and Woodland Baptist churches in Philadelphia., Linton worked from the Fourth Street location until circa 1883 when he left the trade to pursue farming in Chester, Pa. (his residence since 1879). By 1889, he returned to Pennsylvania (Ridley Park) and in 1890 to survey work and soon thereafter lithography at 410 Walnut Street. As of 1918, Linton continued to be listed in city directories at 410 Walnut Street with a residence at 513 Woodland Terrace in West Philadelphia. By 1920, Linton returned to Chester in Devon with his wife Mary (1842-1940) and daughter Catherine Linton Cornelius (1876-1976) whose family lived with him and his wife in 1910., Linton married Mary Salome Latch in 1864 and had eight children with seven living to adulthood. During the late 1860s and the 1870s, the family resided in Roxborough before their relocation to Chester in 1879. Linton passed away in Devon on August 28, 1897.

: Livasse, William; William Livasse, born ca. 1810 in the District of Columbia, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He resided in Mary Schoch's boarding house north of Market Street and east of Seventh Street in Ward 6.

: Loag, Samuel; Samuel Loag, born in 1835 in Pennsylvania to David and Ann Loag (1794-1878), worked as a job, wood block, and lithographic printer in Philadelphia ca. 1860 until his death in 1894. He produced cards, billheads, broadside posters, pamphlets, book illustrations and sheet music covers from his first known business address at 57 South Fourth Street. Between ca. 1862 and 1865, Loag tenanted the building also occupied by William H. Rease. By January 1866, he relocated to 610-614 Sansom Street. The "commodious rooms in Sansom Street Hall" included new steam presses and his brother and printer William as a fellow tenant. By 1870 Loag operated a successful business and held personal estate valued at $20,000. His shop remained on Sansom Street until his death over twenty years later., At the beginning of his career in the printing trade in 1860, Loag resided at 1430 South Third Street in South Philadelphia (Ward 2) with his parents. He married Anna Frances Powell (1835-1905) in January 1861 with whom he had four daughters, all born in Pennsylvania, except for Elizabeth (b. ca. 1869) born when the family relocated to Beverly, New Jersey. By 1880, the family returned to Philadelphia where they resided at 3210 Race Street in West Philadelphia, Loag's residence at the time of his death on December 19, 1894.

: Long, Ellwood D.; Ellwood D. Long was the lithographer of the Philadelphia advertisement "J. C. Jenkins & Co. Grocery and Tea Store, S.W. Corner of Chestnut and 12th Streets, Philadelphia" printed in 1847 by William Stott., Long is probably the Ellwood Long listed in the 1850 census as a school teacher, born ca. 1828 in Pennsylvania, who resided in the Locust Ward in the household of presumably his father William Long (b. ca. 1782). An Ellwood D. Long died on January 15, 1852.

: Longacre & Co.; Longacre & Co., the partnership between Matthias R. Longacre and A. A. Dunk, was active as a Philadelphia lithographic establishment at 30-32 South Seventh Street 1870-1879. In 1872, the partnership was also listed as Dunk, Longacre & Co. before a branch of the firm merged with Haddock & Son. The firm produced advertisements, often with A. Blanc as the artist. In the 1880s, the firm still operating as Longacre & Co. (706 Chestnut Street) switched to the engraving trade, predominately producing illustrations.

: Lorio, Peter; Peter Lorio, born ca. 1820 in Austria, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He lived with his Prussian-born wife Caroline (b. ca. 1825) and son Otter (b. 1857) in Ward 5, Southern Division.

: Loudenslager, J.L.; J. L. Loudenslager exhibited two lithographic drawings at the Twenty-fourth Exhibition of the American Manufactures at the Franklin Institute in 1854., Possibly the John L. Loudenslager, born ca. 1812 in Pennsylvania, listed in the 1855 and 1856 city directories as employed at the Custom House and with a residence at 62 Dilwyn and 107 Noble Street, respectively. In the 1853 city directory and the 1850 and 1860 censuses, he was listed as a distiller. In 1860, he resided in the 12th Ward, with his wife and four children, with a combined personal and real estate valued at $2200.

: Lovitt, Abraham M.; Abraham M. Lovitt, born February 1847 in England, worked as a lithographer for the Philadelphia firm Longacre & Co. about 1874 and Pfeil & Golz about 1883 and 1884. Lovitt arrived in the United States about 1869, lived in Pennsylvania by the early 1870s and relocated to New Jersey by the end of the decade. In 1874, he lived at 177 South Sixth Street (Philadelphia) and during the 1880s, he resided at 750 Mount Vernon Street in Camden, N.J. By the 1900 census, he resided in New Brunswick, but returned to Camden by the 1910 census. He worked as a lithographer until his death on August 17, 1919. He was buried at Arlington Cemetery., Lovitt married the English-born Mary (b. ca. 1844) in 1869 and with her had several children; the eldest born in Pennsylvania ca. 1872. Lovitt was also a member of the Lithographers' Union of America and traveled to Belgium in 1880 according to New York passenger lists.

: Lowenberg, Victor; Victor Lowenberg, born ca. 1839 in Pennsylvania, worked in Philadelphia as a lithographer, printer and photographer from ca. 1860-1891. He was employed by P. S. Duval at the time of Duval's insolvency in 1859. Following his employment with Duval, Lowenberg continued in the trade; his business addresses unlisted in the city directories., Lowenberg, the son of a German capmaker, resided with his parents and siblings in Ward 6 in 1860. Ten years later he resided at 602 Callowhill Street with his two sisters, Rebecca A. (b. ca. 1842) and Josephine (b. ca. 1854). By 1880 the siblings lived at 1207 Mount Vernon Street (Ward 14) and both sisters were employed as music teachers. By the time of his death on July 31, 1891, Lowenberg resided at 1117 Green Street.

: Lucas, William B.; See Kennedy & Lucas

: Luders, Emil; Emil Luders, born ca. 1831 in Braunschweig, Germany, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia ca. 1861-ca. 1871. Luders arrived in the United States in New York on May 25, 1854 aboard the ship "Catherine" and by about 1855 worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia. He delineated the noted portrait "Passmore Williamson in Moyamensing Prison" (1855) and advertisements printed by Augustus Kollner, including "Goodyears Rubber-Packing & Belting Company. Warehouse 104 Chestnut St. Philada." (ca. 1856). During the 1860s, Luders earned enough income from his work in the trade to be taxed by the I.R.S. and he may be the Emil Lueders of West Hoboken, N.J. who patented an improvement in coin-testers in 1878., By 1860, Luder was married to the Swiss-born Mary (b. ca. 1826) and resided in North Philadelphia (Ward 13). Luders's residences in Philadelphia between 1861 and 1871 included 8 Pleasant Retreat (1861), 714 Wallace Street (mid 1860s) and 543 North Twelfth Street (1869-1871).

: Ludwig, William; William Ludwig, born ca. 1834 in Brunswick, Germany, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia in 1860. He resided in Ward 5 with his wife German-born (b. ca. 1835) and children Caroline, Thomas, and Henry.

: Magee, John L.; John L. Magee, born in New York ca. 1820, was a mid 19th-century New York and Philadelphia artist, engraver, and lithographer, who specialized in cartoons and event prints. An apprentice of [James?] Ackerman, Magee executed lithographs for New York publishers, including James Baillie and Nathaniel Currier, 1840-ca. 1852. Early in his career, he also exhibited three original paintings at the National Academy of Design, including "The Mischievous Boy" in 1844, which he later printed as a lithograph. Magee also pursued engraving and between the mid 1840s and mid 1850s, Magee engraved illustrations for a number of children's picture books published by Turner & Fisher (Boston, N.Y., Phila., Baltimore). By 1850 he published cartoons from his own establishment at 34 Mott Street before relocating to Philadelphia after 1852., Magee, not to be confused with stationer and envelope publisher J. (i.e., James) Magee, 316 Chestnut Street, began to be a listed "lithographer" in Philadelphia directories in 1855. Somewhat of an itinerant lithographer, he worked from the establishments of Thomas Sinclair (101 Chestnut), Benjamin F. Mifflin (217 Walnut Street), Frederick Pilliner (49 South Third Street), and John Hart (305 Walnut) as well as his own at 63 (i.e., 200 block) Walnut Street, 261 South Sixth Street, 22 South Fifth Street, and Third and Dock streets. In 1856, he issued his first local sensational news event print, "Terrible Conflagration and Destruction of the Steamboat New Jersey..." with Alfred Pharazyn and over the next ten years would become the near sole publisher of such prints in the city. Magee issued his last known event prints 1866-1867, including "The Second Great Match for the Championship..." depicting the Philadelphia Athletics and Brooklyn Atlantics. During this time, Magee also continued to design political cartoons as well as execute portraits, church views, and Civil War imagery for colleagues and as his own publications. After 1869, Magee appears to have departed from the trade although he was listed as a lithographer in the 1870 census., Magee was married to Anne (b. ca. 1830) with whom he had three children, Emma (b. ca. 1850), Walter (b. ca. 1857), and Howard (b. ca. 1860). While working in Philadelphia, he resided predominately in South Philadelphia at 48 Passyunk Road (ca. 1857), the 100 block of Morris Street (1860-ca.1865?), and 1128 Carpenter Street by 1868, in addition to a brief residency in 1867 at the Jones Exchange Hotel (77 Dock street) near his printing studio. By 1870, Magee lived with only his children and had a personal estate of $350 (i.e., about $6000 in 2008); about three times more its value in 1860.

: Magee, Richard; Richard Magee, born ca. 1818 in Ireland, established Magee Printing House, the blank book manufactory, lithographic and steam printing establishment in operation in Philadelphia ca. 1846-ca. 1920s. Magee published almanacs, pamphlets, and lithographs, often political and news event prints. Known lithographs include views of the Mexican American War (ca. 1847-1848) and the embellished portrait 'Gen. W. Scott" (ca. 1848)., Magee's firm established at 201-203 Chestnut, operated from Chestnut Street until the late 19th century, including 316, 808, and 722 Chestnut Street. During the Civil War Magee earned enough business income to be taxed by the I.R.S. and in 1876, as R. Magee & Son, published an illustrated guide to the Centennial Exhibition. By 1893, the business known since the 1880s as Magee Printing House had relocated to 826 Walnut Street. The firm continued into the 20th century as Magee Printing Co. at 130 South Ninth Street., Magee was married to Mary A. (b. ca. 1820) and resided in New Market Ward with three children and possibly a servant in 1850. Mary was listed in Philadelphia city directories as a widow at 718 Moore Street in 1881 and at 1118 South Eight Street in 1884.

: LOC-Mahan-PGA-Duval-ParisNewYorkPhiladelphiafashions-Dsize.jpg; Francis Mahan, born ca. 1790 in Pennsylvania, worked primarily as a fashion lithographer, publisher and designer in Philadelphia from 1829 to 1871. Trained as a tailor in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania in the mid-1810s "by making clothes of every description, plain or fashionable, to suit customers," Mahan relocated and was proprietor of Francis Mahan & Co. in Philadelphia (Chestnut Street Ward) by the late 1820s. He copyrighted and advertised protractors and his proof system "to impart the art of garment cutting" to tailors, a system disputed by rival tailor and publisher Allen Ward in local newspapers beginning in the late 1830s. In a newspaper war that endured many years, Ward accused Mahan of copying designs from old drafts of his work, resulting in several design competitions; an injunction against Mahan by Ward in 1839; and a libel suit by Mahan against Ward in 1840., By the 1840s both Mahan and Ward published fashion prints. The prints displayed in local tailors' shops depicted several figures attired in seasonal fashions that often included prominent figures for credibility and made the lithographs collectibles. Prominent figures in Mahan prints, which were often advertised in the local newspapers, included Henry Clay and James K. Polk in 1844 and 1845 and Colonel May, "the hero of Palo Alto," (from a daguerreotype) in 1847. During the 1840s, Mahan also exhibited fashion plates in the Franklin Institute Exhibition of American Manufactures (1848) and included an advertisement in the catalog that claimed he had "near Six Thousand regular subscribers" to his plates. He continued to publish plates through the 1850s and in the 1860 issued a print "which contain[ed] all the Presidential Candidates" for which he advertised in the "Public Ledger" for canvassers., A listing for Mahan's tailor shop at 20 South Sixth Street appeared in city directories in 1831. The shop moved to Chestnut Street in the early 1840s, with locations at 215, then 211, 186, 720, 911 and then back to 720 Chestnut Street. Mahan resided within the same ward as his business, and by 1850 he lived in the hotel owned by Filbert I. Nagle at 18 South Sixth Street. He moved to Camden, New Jersey in the 1860s, and returned to Philadelphia by 1871, after which time his name is absent from city directories. He had one son, Phineas Jenks Mahan (1814-1875), who was an expert gardener and a soldier in Texas in the mid-late 1830s. The younger Mahan was appointed by Richard G. Harrison of Philadelphia to secure contracts for bank note engraving in Texas, which is where he subsequently moved his family by 1870.

: Major & Knapp; Major & Knapp, originally formed in 1846 in New York City as Sarony & Major, a partnership between lithographer and photographer Napoleon Sarony (1821-1896) and Henry B. Major. With the promotion to partner of Joseph F. Knapp (ca. 1830-1889) and the succession of Richard C. Major over Henry B. Major in 1857, the business was reestablished as Sarony, Major & Knapp. In 1863, Sarony withdrew from the firm, which was renamed Major & Knapp. Major & Knapp operated a Philadelphia branch in 1878-1879 at 150 South Third Street. Instrumental in New York for producing color lithography in the 1840s, especially colored sheet music covers, the firm shifted its specialty to advertising trade cards and tobacco box labels while the Philadelphia branch was active in the late 1870s.

: Mann, William; William Mann, born June 14, 1814 in Philadelphia, proprietor of a Philadelphia blank book manufactory and stationery, printing and lithographic establishment (later William Mann Company), was active in the trade 1848-1881. Originally apprenticed in agriculture and carpentry, Mann entered the stationery and printing trade in Philadelphia in 1848 following his patenting of a binder for filing letters. He later patented copying paper (1852) and a paging and numbering machine (1874)., By 1850 Mann operated a binders and letterpresses manufactory at 74 (i.e., 000 block) North Fourth Street that evolved into a stationery by the mid 1850s at 34 South Third Street. By 1860 the business expanded into a blank-book manufactory, stationery, and letterpress and lithographic printing establishment at 43 South Fourth Street. Lithographic work included trade cards and job printing, and throughout the Civil War, Mann earned enough income to be taxed by the I.R.S. During the 1870s, Mann relocated to a larger location at 529 Market Street in 1872 and printed a visitor's guide as well as the "Centennial Calendar 1876" during the Centennial Exhibition. The firm remained active following Mann's death in 1881 and in the 1940s became a division of the Todd Company., Mann was married to Mary Ann (b. ca. 1815) with whom he had several children, including sons Charles (b. ca. 1850) and Joseph (b. ca, 1840) who assumed operations of their father's business following his death. In 1888 the business was incorporated as William Mann Company., During his career, Mann predominately lived north of Center City before relocating to Haddonfield, N.J. about 1870. According to the census for that year, Mann owned real estate worth $70,000 and personal estate worth $60,000. Between the 1850s and 1870, he resided in Philadelphia at 404 North Twelfth Street, 1711 Green Street, and 1736 Mt. Vernon Street, respectively. In the early 1880s, soon before his death, Philadelphia city directories also list a residence at 1813 North Broad Street. Mann died following a second stroke at his home in Haddonfield on September 7, 1881.

: Mansure, Charles; Charles Mansure, born ca. 1832 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, was a Philadelphia lithographer active between 1850 and 1860. He resided in his father Robert's household at 252 Queen Street in Southwark (Ward 4) before relocating to 1330 Juniata (i.e. South Lawrence) Street by 1859. In 1859 he worked with his brothers and lithographers John J. and Robert at 534 Queen Street; the same location as printer John Stimmell., In 1860, Mansure resided at 1330 Juniata Street in South Philadelphia (Ward 1) with his Delaware-born wife Margaret (b. ca. 1836), two Pennsylvania-born children, and his brother-in-law Antoin Lowry (b. ca. 1845). in 1864 Mansure enlisted in the Fifteenth Regiment of the United States Infantry, and upon his return to Philadelphia, worked as a dealer and huckster until he was admitted to the Roseburg Branch soldiers' home in Hampton, Virginia in 1896. He died four years later in Philadelphia on May 29, 1900 and was buried in the Philadelphia Cemetery.

: Mansure, John J.; John J. Mansure, born ca. 1834 in Pennsylvania, was a Philadelphia lithographer active 1850-ca. 1865. In 1862, he became the Vice President of the Lithographic Printers Union. Both his brothers, Charles and Robert, were lithographers as well., In 1850, Mansure lived in Southwark (Ward 4). Between 1860 and 1870, he lived in South Philadelphia with his wife Mary (b. ca. 1836) and daughter Mary (b. ca. 1858) at 934 South Fifth Street, until he moved to 503 Native Street in 1864.

: Mansure, Robert; Robert Mansure worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia with family members Charles and John J. from 1857 to 1859 in Southwark. They operated from 534 Queen Street; the same location as printer John Stimmell., Mansure is most likely Robert Mansure, Sr., born ca. 1804 in Delaware, who worked in Philadelphia primarily as a carpenter. However, two Robert Mansures are listed in an 1859 Philadelphia city directory, one as a carpenter residing at 940 South Fourth Street and the other listed as a lithographer living at 1332 Juniata Street. Robert Jr., born ca. 1848 in Pennsylvania, was too young to have been active as early as 1857 in the lithographic trade.

: Martin, Charles; See Mansure, Charles.

: Martin, James; James Martin worked as a lithographer for P.S. Duval & Son in Philadelphia from 1857-1859. He resided north of Center City (Ward 14) at 1012 Carlton Street in 1858 and 1223 Hamilton Street in 1859.

: Martin, Thomas; Thomas Martin, born in Ireland ca. 1825, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia ca. 1860-ca. 1872. In 1860, Martin resided in the 5th Ward Southern Division and by 1872 at 1721 South Twelfth Street.

: Matlack, Albert; Albert Matlack, a lithographer and gilder, born ca. 1821 in Pennsylvania, worked in Philadelphia between the 1850s and 1880s. By 1860, Matlack resided in Spring Garden at 1216 Ridge Avenue (Ward 14) with his wife Eliza Fudge (b. ca. 1821) and her mother Hannah Fudge (b. ca. 1788). Matlack and Eliza owned and operated a millinery and a manufactory. By 1880 Matlack was widowed, worked as a lithographic printer, and boarded with fellow lithographic printer James Hennesey (b. ca. 1862), and James's mother Mary Hennesey (b. ca. 1840) at 906 Aurora (i.e.. Latimer) Street in Ward 8. In the early 1880s, city directories listed Matlack as a porter at this address, and by 1884 as a gilder living in South Philadelphia.

: Matthias, Benjamin; Benjamin Matthias, born in Hamburg, Germany about 1822, worked as a lithographer specializing in maps in Philadelphia 1854-1860. From 1854 to 1858, he partnered with William Bracher as Bracher & Matthias from Robert Pearsall Smith's establishment at 15-17, i.e., 517 Minor Street. In 1858, George Worley joined the firm which operated as Worley, Bracher & Matthias at 600-602 Chestnut Street. In 1860 Matthias gained U.S. citizenship and left the partnership. He was the principal engraver for "Map of Washtenaw County, Michigan" (Philadelphia: Bechler, Wenig & Co. 1856) and for "Map of Lenawee County, Michigan" (Philadelphia: Bechler, Wenig & Co. 1857).

: Mayberry, James A.; James Mayberry, born ca. 1841 in Pennsylvania, worked as a lithographer in Philadelphia ca. 1860-ca. 1874. Brother to printers John (b. ca. 1838) and David (ca. 1843), Mayberry lived with his mother Sarah (b. ca. 1815) and siblings in Center City (Ward 4) in 1860. During the late 1860s he lived at 620 South Sixth Street and 713 South Fifteenth Street in South Philadelphia. By 1870 he continued to live in the neighborhood (Ward 2) with his wife Mary (ca. 1834-1901) and three-year old son John. Mayberry worked in the trade until the early 1870s and resided at 1721 South Twelfth Street (1872) and 1519 North Second Street (1873-). By 1880 Mayberry worked as a peddler and resided at 1408 North Second Street (Ward 17) with his wife and two sons.

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