Portuondo, manufacturers of Cuban hand made cigars, 1342 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.
Title
Portuondo, manufacturers of Cuban hand made cigars, 1342 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
Description
Illustrated, embossed trade card depicting a red-breasted black bird. Jose M. Portuondo (i.e., Joseph M. Portuondo) operated a cigar shop from 1342 Chestnut Street until his death in 1882. His son Juan F. Portuondo succeeded him at this location until the late 1880s., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Portuondo [1975.F.685]
Post 2, Philadelphia. Post 2, Boston.
Title
Post 2, Philadelphia. Post 2, Boston
Description
Die-cut print shaped as a spike-top helmet adorned by a spread winged eagle with a shield on its chest, clutching arrows and laurel in its talons., Hole punch in upper section of print., "Post 2, Philadelphia" insignia printed on verso in light blue ink., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Post [1975.F.689]
William H. Rau, president. Photographers for the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Rau Art Studios, Inc., photographers, 238 South Camac St., Philadelphia.
Title
William H. Rau, president. Photographers for the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Rau Art Studios, Inc., photographers, 238 South Camac St., Philadelphia
Description
Illustrated business card depicting tiny embossed orange vignettes of an owl, lion, bird and instruments within an oval formed by a single orange line. Rau served as the official photographer for the Pennsylvania Railroad beginning in 1891 and the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1895. Rau, a professional Philadelphia photographer, began his career as assistant to Philadelphia photographer William Bell; served as the primary photographer of E.L. Wilson's Middle East photographic expedition (1881-1882); and was sole proprietor of a prolific photographic studio that issued lantern slides, stereographs, and photographs between 1887 and 1920. He was also official photographer of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904, a director of the Photographic Society of Philadelphia, a president of the Pennsylvania Photographic Society, and a member of the Pennsylvania Academy of Natural Sciences., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1910]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Rau [P.9548.7]
Rapson's trimmings and zephyrs, 132 N. Eighth Street, corner of Cherry St.
Title
Rapson's trimmings and zephyrs, 132 N. Eighth Street, corner of Cherry St
Description
Illustrated trade card die-cut and shaped into a bound book with an illustration on the cover depicting a bucolic scene of a man leading animals to a tree-lined stream. A man fishes in the stream in the distance and cattle approach the water on the opposite bank., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1883
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Rapson's [P.9728.6]
Specialties in curtains and furniture , Walraven, 1105 Chestnut Street.
Title
Specialties in curtains and furniture , Walraven, 1105 Chestnut Street
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting boats and sailing vessels on a rough, choppy sea., Advertising text printed on verso promotes I.E. Walraven's "spring novelties" and "imported goods"., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Walraven [1975.F.1002]
[Wanamaker & Brown trade cards]
Title
[Wanamaker & Brown trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting head portraits of men, women, and putti with bows and arrows flanking scrolls inscribed with titles and advertising text. Other imagery includes birds, butterflies, flowers and a four horse chariot. John Wanamaker and his brother-in-law Nathan Brown opened their clothing and dry goods store, Oak Hall, at Sixth and Market Streets in 1861., Title supplied by cataloger., Three prints [1975.F.942, 964 & 965] copyrighted 1878 by L. Prang & Co., Boston., Two prints contain advertising text printed on versos. One print [1975.F.948] provides historical information about Roman chariot races, which Wanamaker & Brown used as a symbol of their business. The other [1975.F.995] promotes mens' and boys' clothing and gentlemen's, youths' and boys' furnishing goods., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1878]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Wanamaker & Brown [1975.F.942; 1975.F.948; 1975.F.964 & 965; 1975.F.995]
[John Wanamaker & Co. unidentified location trade cards]
Title
[John Wanamaker & Co. unidentified location trade cards]
Description
Series of three illustrated trade cards "compliments of John Wanamaker & Co." addressed "to the little folks" depicting pairs of well-dressed boys., Series of seventeen illustrated trade cards depicting flags facing right of various countries, including Liberia, France, Egypt, Paraguay, Great Britain, Turkey, Ecuador, Denmark, Poland, Bolivia, Portugal, Russia, Argentine Republic, Switzerland, Chili [sic], Peru, and Norway., Title supplied by cataloger., Three prints [1975.F.909, 923 & 938] printed by Chas. Shields' Sons, 20 & 22 Gold St., N.Y., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - John Wanamaker & Co. [1975.F.909; 1975.F.911-915; 1975.F.923; 1975.F.927-938; 1975.F.996]
[John Wanamaker & Co., 818, 820 & 822 Chestnut Street trade cards]
Title
[John Wanamaker & Co., 818, 820 & 822 Chestnut Street trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards for John Wanamaker & Co.'s 818, 820 & 822 Chestnut Street store in Philadelphia. Illustrations depict the eastern and western hemispheres of the world; sheep standing in the snow; striped socks; butterflies; an anthropomorphic owl attired in a plaid coat and top hat standing in the curve of the moon observing the townscape below; a boy and a girl standing on a path below a tree in which a large birds sits; Philadelphia's City Hall; a boy riding on a sled through the snow pulled by two turkeys; a bird on a tree branch; a hearth with a kettle over a fire; rabbits and a grasshopper; an owl and birds; a well-dressed boy reading a sign on a stone all for boys' clothing at John Wanamaker & Co.'s store; putti seated in a bird's nest and playing with a Dutch clog in a pond; Japanese men assembling a paper lantern; an owl flying above two Japanese men huddled on the ground; cricket players; a large ship at sea framed by a large horseshoe; Japanese men running and falling from their sled in the snow; an angry merchant holding a $20.00 I.O.U. from a man attired in a new suit smoking a cigarette; men sitting on the field of a shooting range; and children playing with wood blocks and spelling "Wanamaker". Includes a metamorphic trade card, which when open shows an advertising board for John Wanamaker & Co. propped in a man's crooked teeth in his wide open mouth and when closed, shows the man with his eyes open and mouth closed. In 1869, Wanamaker established John Wanamaker & Co. on the 800 block of Chestnut Street., Title supplied by cataloger., Two prints [1975.F.940 & 1006] copyrighted 1881 by E.O. Goodman., Two prints [1975.F.963 & 966] copyrighted 1878 by L. Prang & Co., Boston., Two prints [1975.F.990, 991, 1000] copyrighted 1881 by O.J. Ramsdell., One print [1975.F.993] copyrighted 1879 by G.H. Kendall, engraver, 285 Broadway, New York., Printers and engravers include Hiram P. Arms, Jr. (Philadelphia), Rogers & Florance (Philadelphia), L. Prang & Co. (Boston), and G.H. Kendall (New York)., Four prints [1975.F.958, 979 & 980, 993] contain advertising text printed on versos promoting John Wanamaker & Co.'s quality clothing and low prices., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1878-ca. 1881]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - John Wanamaker & Co. [1975.F.906; 1975.F.916 & 917; 1975.F.924; 1975.F.926; 1975.F.940 & 941; 1975.F.946; 1975.F.957 & 958; 1975.F.962 & 963; 1975.F.966; 1975.F.977; 1975.F.979 & 980; 1975.F.987 & 988; 1975.F.990 & 991; 1975.F.993; 1975.F.1000; 1975.F.1006; 1975.F.1009; P.9651.24; P.9728.16; P.9745]
[John Wanamaker's Grand Depot trade cards]
Title
[John Wanamaker's Grand Depot trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards for John Wanamaker's Grand Depot at Thirteenth and Market Streets in Philadelphia, opened in 1876 to cater to Centennial Exhibition crowds. Illustrations depict a butterfly; two children walking outside with their parents; a harp with the figure of a mermaid forming the column; a round pediment inscribed "Constitution" resting on three caryatids; yellow flag with two horizontal red stripes; exterior views of the Grand Depot with pedestrian and vehicular traffic in the foreground; a girl feeding birds; a girl eating a piece of fruit; head portraits of girls wearing bonnets; cranes standing in water; sprays of flowers; children and a dog gathered around a piano, one of them playing a flute; a Japanese man tripping two boys with spools of "Stafford braid"; and two men dueling with swords., Title supplied by cataloger., Two prints [1975.F.945 & 947] part of Wemple & Kronheim's Series No. 43., Two prints [1975.F.908 & 999] copyrighted 1877 by L. Prang & Co., Two prints [1975.F.945 & 947] copyrighted 1879 by Wemple & Kronheim, N.Y., Two prints [1975.F.985 & 986] copyrighted 1878 by L. Prang & Co., Boston., Printers and engravers include L. Prang & Co. (Boston), Wemple & Kronheim (New York), Donaldson Brothers (New York), S.C. Duval (Philadelphia), Mayer, Merkel & Ottmann (New York), and Marcus Ward & Co. (Belfast)., Eight prints contain advertising text printed on versos., Two prints contain calendars printed on verso, one [1975.F.922] for 1881 and the other [P.9577.12] for 1900., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1877-1900]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - John Wanamaker [1975.F.316; 1975.F.908; 1975.F.918; 1975.F.920-922; 1975.F.943; 1975.F.945; 1975.F.947; 1975.F.954; 1975.F.956; 1975.F.985 & 986; 1975.F.989; 1975.F.999; 1975.F.1005; 1975.F.1008; P.9577.12]
Ville de Paris, Dauphin, 18, E. 14th Str., New York.
Title
Ville de Paris, Dauphin, 18, E. 14th Str., New York
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting the title displayed on a signboard with a crown surrounded by flowering vines, a winged cherub and a bust statue., Advertising text printed on verso promotes W. Dauphin's "city of Paris" where flowers, garnitures, ball and bridal outfits, mourning goods, and hair dressing services are provided., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Dauphin [1975.F.891]
The best flour inside.
Title
The best flour inside View of the famous Washburn, Crosby Co. flour mills and St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis, Minn
Description
Illustrated, metamorphic trade card depicting a windmill with panels that open to show bags and a barrel of "Superlative" and "Gold Medal" flour in the foreground and in the background, a bird's eye view of the Washburn-Crosby Co.'s flour mill complex, including "Mill C Elevator", adjacent to the St. Anthony Falls in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Also shows a train crossing the Mississippi River near the falls on the curved Stone Arch Bridge, which was built in 1883 by railroad tycoon James J. Hill for his Great Northern Railway. Cadwallader C. Washburn's business began as the Minneapolis Milling Company at the St. Anthony Falls site ca. 1856. John Crosby entered the partnership in 1877. Consolidated into General Mills in 1928 with twenty-six other national mills., Advertising text printed on verso promotes the "Superlative" and "Gold Medal" brands of flour produced by the Washburn-Crosby Co. of Minneapolis, Minnesota., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1890]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Washburn [P.9993.2]
Carriage repository. Medal awarded at the World's Fair of 1851. G.W. Watson, Chestnut St. above Twelfth, Philadelphia.
Title
Carriage repository. Medal awarded at the World's Fair of 1851. G.W. Watson, Chestnut St. above Twelfth, Philadelphia
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting an exterior view of George W. Watson's coach manufactory at 1219 Chestnut Street. Coaches inside the repository are visible through two large doorways on the ground level. Built in 1851, the building also served as a concert hall beginning in 1853., Damaged in upper right corner., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1853]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Watson [(6)1322.F.163a]
F.H. Watt, agent, manufacturer and dealer in trunks, travelling bags and satchels, 437 Market Street, Philadelphia. Third door below Fifth.
Title
F.H. Watt, agent, manufacturer and dealer in trunks, travelling bags and satchels, 437 Market Street, Philadelphia. Third door below Fifth Trunks and satchels repaired and covered. Trunks and bags made to order. Specialty in sample trunks and cases. R. McQuinn
Description
Illustrated trade card for F.H. Watt and R. McQuinn's luggage shop at 437 Market Street in Philadelphia. Illustration depicts a spray of flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Watt [1975.F.955]
Chas. B. Webb, manufacturer of fine boots & shoes, 211 N. Ninth Street, Philadelphia.
Title
Chas. B. Webb, manufacturer of fine boots & shoes, 211 N. Ninth Street, Philadelphia
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Webb [P.9802.4]
[Wanamaker's Dining Rooms trade cards]
Title
[Wanamaker's Dining Rooms trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting sprays of flowers and butterflies., Title supplied by cataloger., One print [1975.F.997] contains advertising text printed on verso: Wanamaker's ladies' and gents' dining rooms, No. 42 N. 8th Street, No. 823 Market Street, No. 42 S. 2d Street, and Del. Ave. & Spruce St., Philadelphia. George W. Wanamaker, proprietor., One print [1975.F.1007] contains calendar for 1881 printed on verso., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880-ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Wanamaker's Dining [1975.F.949; 1975.F.969; 1975.F.983; 1975.F.992; 1975.F.997; 1975.F.1007]
Warburton, "the" hatter, 430 Chestnut Street.
Title
Warburton, "the" hatter, 430 Chestnut Street
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a boy attired in oversized clothing, including a top hat and coat. He holds a large umbrella in his right hand., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Warburton [1975.F.951]
Noix de coco, manufactured by Warner & Merritt, Philadelphia.
Title
Noix de coco, manufactured by Warner & Merritt, Philadelphia For puddings, pies and pastry
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting indigenous men and women serving a white woman in a tropical paradise. She relaxes in a hammock as a man fans her with a paddle fan, a woman sets a tray of food next to her, and a man gathers coconuts into a basket. Additional imagery includes palm trees, a fountain, a monkey, a parrot, and pineapples. Warner & Merritt began importing fruit in Philadelphia ca. 1869 and were one of the largest firms importing West Indian fruit in the country by the time of their insolvency in 1884., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1884]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Warner [P.9947]
James M. Vance & Co., importers & jobbers of hardware, cutlery & tools, builders' and housekeepers' hardware, 324 and 326 Market, Philadelphia.
Title
James M. Vance & Co., importers & jobbers of hardware, cutlery & tools, builders' and housekeepers' hardware, 324 and 326 Market, Philadelphia H. Vance Peters, Edmund L. Wunder, Richard M. Conarroe, Est. William C. Peters
Description
Illegible manuscript note on recto below street address., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Vance [P.2002.67.8]
[Van Haagen's Toilet Soap, Benj. Brooke & Co., Manufs., Philadelphia trade cards]
Title
[Van Haagen's Toilet Soap, Benj. Brooke & Co., Manufs., Philadelphia trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting a man holding a bouquet of flowers standing with two women; a man with an envelope approaching a woman standing at a mirror; a couple walking with arms clasped and a poodle by their side; and a soldier peering over the shoulder of a woman who pulls petals off of a flower., Title supplied by cataloger., Two prints [1975.F.898 & 901] contain distributor's imprint printed on bottom of rectos in black text: McIlvaine & Co., grocers, S.E. cor. Chestnut & Juniper Sts., Philadelphia., Two prints [1975.F.899 & 900] contain advertising text printed on bottom of rectos in black text: 1st Regiment Bouquet Toilet Soap for sale at soap stand in the fair., Advertising text printed on versos promotes the purity, quality and general superiority of the soap produced by Benjamin Brooke & Co. with the expertise of Mr. A. Van Haagen, formerly of McKeone, Van Haagen & Co., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Van Haagen's [1975.F.898-901]
Carrie Perkins.
Title
Carrie Perkins Geo. W. Vansant, importer of novelties in men's fine furnishing goods, 31 South Eighth St., (8 doors above Chestnut Street,) Philadelphia. Fine neck wear and dress shirts a specialty
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a portrait of nineteenth-century actress Carrie Perkins posed in costume in a landscape setting., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Vansant [1975.F.896]
Joseph L. Varnam, ladies' and gents' & children's boot & shoe maker, Bustleton, 23rd ward, Philad'a.
Title
Joseph L. Varnam, ladies' and gents' & children's boot & shoe maker, Bustleton, 23rd ward, Philad'a Fine custom work made to order. Repairing promptly attended to
Description
Racist trade card depicting an African American man, portrayed in caricature with an oversized head and exaggerated facial features, sitting on a chair and playing the cello. He is attired in bright, mismatched clothing, including a yellow hat, a red and white striped and collared shirt, a yellow bowtie, a blue jacket with tails, yellow and red striped pants, blue socks, and yellow and black shoes. Includes vignettes of a boot and a shoe printed on verso., Title from stamp on verso., Purchase 2001., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Varnum [P.9984.1]
Compliments of H. Veit, 36 N. 11th Street, Philadelphia.
Title
Compliments of H. Veit, 36 N. 11th Street, Philadelphia Ice creams, fruits, ices, fancy cakes & confections, special attention given to catering for weddings and parties
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a winter holiday scene showing a man walking up a snow-covered path to a church. A holly plant with red berries flanks the vignette on the left side., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Veit [P.9706]
[Universal Fashion Co. trade cards]
Title
[Universal Fashion Co. trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting a boy in a sailor outfit seated on a rope ladder and a blue banner inscribed "Universal Fashion Co." superimposed onto reeds., Title supplied by cataloger., One print [1975.F.886] contains a calendar for 1882 printed on verso., One print [P.9111.7] contains advertising text printed on verso promoting W.M. Kilbourne & Son's books, stationery, toys, albums, etc., the Liberty, New York distributor of the Universal Fashion Co.'s "perfect-fitting patterns"., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1882]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Universal [1975.F.886 & P.9111.7]
[The Universal Plow Company, Canton, Ohio]
Title
[The Universal Plow Company, Canton, Ohio]
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting monkeys dressed as jockeys racing on the backs of three rabbits through a field. Also includes vignettes of the rear adjusting and the front adjusting plows on verso., Copyrighted 1888 by Chas. Brown., Title supplied by cataloger., Advertising text printed on verso: The Universal patent front and rear adjusting plows. General purpose for two or three horses. All parts interchangeable in steel or chilled iron. Repairs always fit. The lightest draft, the best work, adjustments unsurpassed, no wrench, no trouble, no lost time. Send for circular. Manufactured by The Universal Plow Co., Canton, Ohio., Distributor's imprint printed on verso: For sale by H.M. Bushman & Bro., Carlisle, Pa., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1888
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Universal [P.2002.67.12]
[Van Stan's Stratena and Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil trade cards]
Title
[Van Stan's Stratena and Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards for products produced by Van Stans Stratena Co. in Philadelphia. One racist card entitled, "Great lecture on Van Stan's Stratena by Julius Augustus Cesar at Ethiopian Hall," after the 1878 Sol Eytinge illustration "Blackville, 1878" depicts an African American man, portrayed in racist caricature, lecturing on a stage in front of an audience of well-dressed African American men. The lecturer, attired in a brown jacket, a tan waistcoat, a white shirt with gold cuff links, a white bowtie, blue pants, and black shoes, leans on a wooden table labeled "Van Stan's Stratena." Rolls of paper stick out of his back pocket, and his upturned top hat is visible underneath the table. A decorative object advertising Stratena and a cup sit on the table. He speaks in the vernacular, "one drop of dis yere Stratena on de conscience of a politician will make him stick to his principles. One drop on de marriage certificate will prevent de divorce court from separating you from de wife of your bosom. Do you heah me! Gentlemen I am a talking." Other illustrations include a double-sided metamorphic trade card showing white women and children upset when their objects and toys are broken and happy after using Van Stans Stratena to repair them and, on the other side, two white men and a white woman cringing while taking a dose of cod liver oil, but smiling after taking Van Stan's Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil. Card shows two white boys' jackets glued together by Stratena after they sat in it. A white boy standing nearby laughs and says, "Ha! ha! ha! No use boys!!! Been sitting in Van Stan's Stratena. Ha! ha! Ha!!", Another series of illustrations entitled, "Marriage a-la-mode. Matter of money," "Marriage a-la-mode. The result," and "The marriage of the future," depicts a white man and woman couple being wed by a white man standing under a sign reading "License marriage fee. $1.00" and a dog standing behind the groom thinking, "I'll be dog-goned if this is anything more than a matter of cur-ency and my privileges are sure to be cur-tailed. Give him a bone." A subsequent scene shows the husband running away from his wife, two children and chaotic household. His wife runs after him with a frying pan as the toddler in the background cries, "Father dear father come home," and the baby, lying on the floor, cries "No one to love me." The final scene shows a wedding ceremony in the "Tabernacle hearts cemented" with the officiator standing before the bride and groom announcing, "with this Stratena I thee wed." The groom replies, "One consolation, if I ever break her heart, I can mend it with Van Stans Stratena." The bride counters, "I'll stick to him through thick and thin.", Title supplied by cataloger., Printers and engravers include Chas. Shields' Sons (New York) and E. Ketterlinus & Co. (Philadelphia)., Advertising text printed on versos promotes Van Stan's Emulsion of Pure Norwegian Cod-Liver Oil and Van Stan's Stratena cement to repair glass, china, marble, iron, bone, jewelry, jet, coral, leather, wood, earthenware, porcelain, ornaments, lamp shades, metals, Meerschaum pipes, billiard cues, and leather belting., Gift of Emily Phillips, 1883., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Van Stan's [1975.F.888-890 & 1975.F.892-894]
Lewis Voight & Son, artistic paper hangings.
Title
Lewis Voight & Son, artistic paper hangings
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting anthropomorphic blue bird with a portfolio under one wing and a painting palette under the other. A frog sits adjacent to the bird at the edge of a lily pond. Includes flowers and a paddle fan inscribed with the monogram of the company: LV&S., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Voight [1975.F.887]
Votti & Newman, manufacturers of Votti's patent clocks, with one year movements, also, one month movements with winding-up designs. 2132 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Title
Votti & Newman, manufacturers of Votti's patent clocks, with one year movements, also, one month movements with winding-up designs. 2132 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa C. Votti. Geo. C. Newman. Special attention given to fine clock cases, dials, and clock trimmings, in new designs
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a case clock., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Votti [P.2006.20.46]
Edward Waldmayer, show card, sign, and ornamental painter, [No. 8 So. 5th St., below Mkt], Philadelphia.
Title
Edward Waldmayer, show card, sign, and ornamental painter, [No. 8 So. 5th St., below Mkt], Philadelphia Lettering in all its branches, oil cloth signs, transparencies, banners, etc
Description
Title in brackets annotated. Address printed as: 28 South Fourth St., below Market., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Waldmayer [P.2006.20.11]
Jas. Walker, dealer in fine groceries, 706 South Broad Street, (formerly with John H., Parker, 11th & Market Sts.) Orders by mail solicited.
Title
Jas. Walker, dealer in fine groceries, 706 South Broad Street, (formerly with John H., Parker, 11th & Market Sts.) Orders by mail solicited
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting an artist with a painting palette showing a well-dressed man his profile portrait., Title from advertising text printed on verso., Advertising text on verso printed by C.A. Dixon, 925 Arch St., For duplicate image, see trade card - Elliott [1975.F.293], Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Walker [1975.F.925]
Sept. 1st, 1879, Great Play, Andre Fortier.
Title
Sept. 1st, 1879, Great Play, Andre Fortier
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting bust portraits of actors who appeared in the play "Andre Fortier, the Hero of the Calaveras" at the Walnut Street Theater in Philadelphia in 1879, including E.J. Buckley in the title role., Title from advertising text printed on verso., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
1879
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Walnut [1975.F.319]
Vienna pudding, G.W. Barlow, manufacturer, New York.
Title
Vienna pudding, G.W. Barlow, manufacturer, New York
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a male server carrying pudding and spilling the tray as a dog runs under his feet. Another man, amused by the scene in front of him, carries a stack of plates and men and women seated at a dining table in the next room watch as the dessert spills., Advertising text printed on verso promotes "Barlow's specialties", including Vienna pudding, English plum pudding, blanc mange, browned flour, and Piercy's purity flavoring extracts., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Vienna [1975.F.895]
Union Tea Co., No. 1735 North 10th Street, teas, coffees, & spices. Handsome & useful presents given away with tea and coffee.
Title
Union Tea Co., No. 1735 North 10th Street, teas, coffees, & spices. Handsome & useful presents given away with tea and coffee
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of leaves., Copyrighted 1880 by Bufford's Boston., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1880
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Union [P.9802.14]
Union Transfer Co. baggage express.
Title
Union Transfer Co. baggage express
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a man driving a large horse-drawn cart loaded with trunks and luggage., Advertising text printed on verso: Union Transfer Company. Incorporated in 1867. Baggage express, general railroad ticket agents. Railroad tickets sold and baggage checked from hotels and residences to destination. Baggage, packages, &c., transferred to and from all parts of the cities of Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, or forwarded by express and freight lines to all parts of the United States. General office: 838 Chestnut Street., Philadelphia, Pa. Lists branch offices in two columns., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Union [1975.F.885]
[U.S. Wind Engine and Pump Co. trade cards]
Title
[U.S. Wind Engine and Pump Co. trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting the Halladay Standard pumping and geared windmill and the Gem steel wind engine windmill. Includes vignettes of farm life, showing men loading hay onto a horse-drawn cart and a man and his dog herding cattle. The United States Wind Engine and Pump Co. was founded in Batavia, Illinois ca. 1863., Title supplied by cataloger., Advertising text printed on versos promotes the U.S. Wind Engine and Pump Co.'s "Halladay Standard Wind Mill" and "Gem Steel Wind Engine"., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Helen Beitler., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1890]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - United States [P.9993.8 & 9]
Creditor of Johnsing & Skinner--"I'll hab a hundred and fifty cents on de dollar, or I'll lick de hul firm."
Title
Creditor of Johnsing & Skinner--"I'll hab a hundred and fifty cents on de dollar, or I'll lick de hul firm." Compliments of J. Harley Compton, druggist, New Egypt, N.J
Description
Racist trade card promoting the druggist J. Harley Compton and depicting a caricature of an older African American man reading a notice on a country grocery store. Shows the man with a white beard and attired in a yellow brimmed hat, a long-sleeved red shirt, yellow pants with patches and held up by suspenders, and black shoes. He bends forward to read the sign on the boarded up, dilapidated store. It states in the vernacular that the Johnsing & Skinner Grocery is out of business and that, “Dem as owes de firm, will settle wid me--dey de firm owes will settle wid Skinner. G.W. Johnsing." The African American man is labeled as a creditor who says in the vernacular, “I’ll hab a hundred and fifty cents on de dollar, or I’ll lick de hul firm.” Another sign on the building states, "10 miles to de post ofice (sic)." In the right, the man’s donkey is tied to an orange post behind him. In the background, fenced in fields and trees are visible. William Carroll purchased J. Harley Compton’s drugstore in New Egypt, New Jersey in 1895., Title from item., Text printed on recto: Johnsing & Skinner Grocery. Notis—De firm of Johnsing & Skinner am resolved. Dem as owes de firm, will settle wid me—dey de firm owes will settle wid Skinner. G.W. Johnsing. Creditor of Johnsing & Skinner—“I’ll hab a hundred and fifty cents on de dollar, or I’ll lick de hul firm.”, Advertising text printed on verso promotes items manufactured by J. Harley Compton, including Compton's concentrated flavoring extracts, liquid rennet, camphor ice with glycerine, cholera and dysentery drops, and Compton's tooth powder. Dated Oct. 9th, 1883., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of William Helfand., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Date
[ca. 1883]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department Helfand Patent Medicine Trade Card Collection - Pharmacists - C [P.9828.5679]
Benj. C. Hornor, manufacturer of varnishes, Japans, &c. Dealer in gum copal spts. turpentines &c. No. 81 Arch St. Philadelphia.
Title
Benj. C. Hornor, manufacturer of varnishes, Japans, &c. Dealer in gum copal spts. turpentines &c. No. 81 Arch St. Philadelphia
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting the four-story front elevation of 81 Arch Street (i.e., 200 block of Arch Street), the location of Benjamin C. Hornor's varnishing business. Includes a shop window on the ground level flanked by two large doorways and sideboards on the building that read, "varnish" and "Benj. C. Horner"., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1853]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Hornor [(6)1322.F.119a]
Horsford's acid phosphate for mental & physical exhaustion, dyspepsia &c. It makes a delicious drink with water & sugar only. Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R.I.
Title
Horsford's acid phosphate for mental & physical exhaustion, dyspepsia &c. It makes a delicious drink with water & sugar only. Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R.I
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a baby seated in a chair holding a card inscribed "Prof. Horsford's acid phosphate". Includes a small silhouette printed on verso labeled "Count Rumsford". Rumford Chemical Works, established in 1854 by George F. Wilson and Eben Horsford, began manufacturing Horsford's acid phosphate ca. 1868., Advertising text printed on verso promotes Horsford's acid phosphate for dyspepsia, indigestion, headache, mental & physical exhaustion, nervousness, hysteria, and night sweats of consuption. Sold by Louis A. Bates, pharmacist, 739 Sixth Avenue, one door above 42nd Street, New York., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Horsford's [1975.F.436]
Major E. Newell, with Genl. Tom Thumb's Museum. H.R. Jacobs, manager.
Title
Major E. Newell, with Genl. Tom Thumb's Museum. H.R. Jacobs, manager
Description
Illustrated trade card die cut and shaped into a painting palette. Promotes General Tom Thumb's Museum and depicts Major E. Newell attired in four costumes. Tom Thumb, born Charles Sherwood Stratton, was a little person who toured with P.T. Barnum., Advertising text printed on verso: General Tom Thumb and his charming little wife with entire troupe. Horticultural Hall positively two weeks only Sept. 25 to Oct. 7th. Every afternoon & evening. Skatorial champion. Major Newell, the impersonator; Zoe Meleke, and her performing canary birds; Whiston, humorist and great facial artist; marvelous midget; Bingham, ventriloquist & illusionist with a congress of brilliants., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1882]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Horticultural [1975.F.651]
[Kennedy Bros. trade cards]
Title
[Kennedy Bros. trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting birds and a butterfly embellished by a geometric border; flowers in baskets; and portraits of women personifying a rose and a daisy by wearing large buds as hats. By the early 1880s, Kennedy Bros. was operated by Jacob and Harry Kennedy., Title supplied by cataloger., Three prints [1975.F.444; 1975.F.469 & 470] contain logo "J.H." printed on rectos. Most likely printed by Joseph Hoover., One print [1975.F.482] contains advertising text printed on verso: Fall opening, 1880. Kennedy & Bros., No. 1218 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, announce the opening of their importation of French millinery, on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 28th & 29th., Five prints contain advertising text printed on versos: At Kennedy's new store, 1404 Chestnut Street may be found all the latest novelties in Paris millinery. Trimmed bonnets & round hats, feathers, ribbons, plushes, velvets, flowers, etc., etc., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880-1882]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Kennedy [1975.F.444; 1975.F.469 & 470; 1975.F.472 & 473; 1975.F.482]
Tally Ho. Alex. Kenney. 102 South Broad St., Philadelphia.
Title
Tally Ho. Alex. Kenney. 102 South Broad St., Philadelphia
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting anthropomorphic frogs smoking, playing leapfrog, and wearing a beret and holding a paddle., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Kenney [1975.F.475-477; 1975.F.479]
Miss E. Levy, 1018 Chestnut St., Phila. Umbrellas & parasols, leather goods, fans.
Title
Miss E. Levy, 1018 Chestnut St., Phila. Umbrellas & parasols, leather goods, fans
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a business card for Miss E. Levy tucked into a spray of leaves., Copyrighted 1880 by Bufford, Boston., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1880
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Levy [1975.F.485]
Henry Hill, Philadelphia agent, William Penn Hotel, 38th and Market Sts.
Title
Henry Hill, Philadelphia agent, William Penn Hotel, 38th and Market Sts The Lewis hand fire extinguisher endorsed by the most eminent fire authorities. Extensively introduced in New York, Chicago, and throughout the eastern states
Description
Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Lewis [P.2006.20.33]
Thomas Liggins, ornamental confectioner & fine cake baker, 1912 & 1914 Frankford Ave., and 448 Richmond Street, Philadelphia.
Title
Thomas Liggins, ornamental confectioner & fine cake baker, 1912 & 1914 Frankford Ave., and 448 Richmond Street, Philadelphia
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards and bookmarks depicting an owl, a rat, and a pelican with a fish in its beak., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Liggins [P.9642.2 & 3]
[James S. Loag trade cards]
Title
[James S. Loag trade cards]
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting business cards for James S. Loag tucked into flowers embellished with birds and butterflies. Also depicts two boys jumping over a wooden fence or obstacle course and a woman painting on the beach under an umbrella with a male companion leaning over her shoulder., Printers and engravers include J.H. Bufford & Sons (Boston) and E. Ketterlinus & Co. (Philadelphia)., Two prints [1975.F.502 & 504] contain advertising text printed on versos: James S. Loag, dealer in ribbons, hats & millinery goods, trimmed goods a specialty, No. 1230 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. A full assortment of kid and lisle thread gloves., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Loag [1975.F.486; 1975.F.493-497; 1975.F.502-504]
La. Berroth, stationery & fancy ornaments, No. 1212 Poplar St., Philadelphia.
Title
La. Berroth, stationery & fancy ornaments, No. 1212 Poplar St., Philadelphia
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of flowers and a bird., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Berroth [P.9802.8]
J.A. Ladd & Son, booksellers and stationers. Holiday cards a specialty. 37 West Gay Street, West Chester, Pa.
Title
J.A. Ladd & Son, booksellers and stationers. Holiday cards a specialty. 37 West Gay Street, West Chester, Pa
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting a black cat with a pink ribbon tied into a bow around its neck., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Ladd [P.9111.21]
[Laird, Schober & Mitchell trade cards]
Title
[Laird, Schober & Mitchell trade cards]
Description
Series of trade cards and caricatures promoting Laird, Schober & Mitchell and depicting clowns or harlequins. "I see nothing will suit but Laird, Schober & Mitchell's" depicts a white boy harlequin trying to fit a shoe on a seated white woman fairy with wings and a wand. "Too fine to Blacken!" is a racist trade card depicting a white boy clown kicking an African American shoe shine boy from behind. In the right, the white boy, attired white clown costume with a white cap decorated with a blue ball, a white shirt with ruffles at the neck and waist, white pants with a ruffle at the cuffs, white stockings, and blue shoes, carries a jump rope in both hands. He smiles at the viewer and kicks his left foot propelling the shoe shiner into the air. The shoe shiner is attired in a blue jacket with tails, white pants, black stockings, and brown shoes. His top hat, shoe shining stool, and open can of shoe polish fly away from him. "Oh! my!!..just look at them!!!" shows a white man admiring the shoes of a young, white woman who carries a butter churn. In the background are farm animals including a cow. "How beautifully they fit" depicts a white woman descending the stairs while grasping the hand of a white man, attired in a military uniform who carries a bouquet of flowers. Also a card depicting a white woman in a parlor holding up her skirt to reveal her new shoes, with the shoe box labeled, "Laird, Shober & Mitchell, Philadelphia" on the table. Laird, Schober & Mitchell's Shoes began operating in 1870 and was a partnership formed by Samuel S. Laird, George P. Schober and George A. Mitchell., Title supplied by cataloger., Date inferred from content., Four trade cards [1975.F.488-491] contain advertising text printed on versos: A request before purchasing shoes. Examine ours. Prices are now reduced and goods finest manufactured. Laird, Schober & Mitchell, 1133 Arch Street, Philad'a., Gift of Emily Phillips, 1883., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Laird [1975.F.488-491; 1975.F.506]
Seeds & bulbs, implements and tools for farm, garden and greenhouse, D. Landreth & Sons, 21 & 22 South Sixth St., Philad'a.
Title
Seeds & bulbs, implements and tools for farm, garden and greenhouse, D. Landreth & Sons, 21 & 22 South Sixth St., Philad'a
Description
Illustrated trade card depicting flowers and fruit displayed on a table with an ornate urn and decanter. The seed company originally established in 1784 as David Landreth, was renamed David Landreth & Son in 1860., Copyright 1878 by L. Prang & Co., Boston., Advertising text printed on verso: The seed growing establishment of D. Landreth & Sons, (now comprising 1574 acres), first founded in 1784, and passing to three generations, has been conducted with the view of producing seeds of the very best and purest quality. We are therefore justified in assuring our customers that the seeds offered by us have no superior in this or any other country. Our stock of garden, field and flower seeds, agricultural implements, horticultural tools, requisites for garden and greenhouse, is very extensive and of first quality. No second quality goods for sale. Prices low. Catalogues free. D. Landreth & Sons, 21 and 23 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1878
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Landreth [P.2005.8]
Ph. J. Lauber's restaurant, Centennial grounds, near Horticultural Hall.
Title
Ph. J. Lauber's restaurant, Centennial grounds, near Horticultural Hall
Description
Illustration on recto depicts a bird's eye view of Lauber's restaurant on the Centennial grounds in West Fairmount Park in Philadelphia. Includes pedestrians and horse-drawn coaches in the foreground. The Cenntenial, held in 1876, celebrated America’s one-hundredth anniversary of independence and showcased the strengths of the country’s industry, manufactures, agriculture, and art., Left vignette on verso shows three buildings comprising the Philip J. Lauber liquor and restaurant business at 24-26 South Fifth Street. The buildings, adorned with signage, include left to right: "Ph. Lauber Beer & Ale"; "Ph. Lauber Importer of Wines"; and "Ph. Lauber Restaurant" (partial view). Image also shows heavy street and pedestrian traffic. Men congregate at the doorway of the wine shop at which a horse-drawn cart loaded with wine barrels departs. A carriage, horse-drawn dray, men on horseback, and pedestrians travel in the street. Lauber added a restaurant to his business on Fifth Street circa 1877. Right vignette on verso depicts cherubs eating grapes and drinking bottles of wine on a mantelpiece surrounded by vinery and greenery., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1876]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Lauber [5758.F.11c]
Kaufman's, 25 N. Eighth St., Philad'a.
Title
Kaufman's, 25 N. Eighth St., Philad'a
Description
Series of illustrated trade cards and bookmarks depicting fans, flowers, and butterflies., Advertising text printed on versos: A full line of gloves, black and colored fringes, gimps and ornaments, buttons, etc. Laces of all descriptions, Hamburg edgings, corsets, fancy goods, &c. No. 25 North Eighth Street, M. Kaufman., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1883]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Kaufman [1975.F.467 & 468; 1975.F.471]

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