Nigritae exhaustis venis metallicis conficiendo saccharo operam dare debent. [graphic].
Title
Nigritae exhaustis venis metallicis conficiendo saccharo operam dare debent
Description
This woodcut is one of the earliest known illustrations of sugar making in the New World. In the right foreground, two slaves gather and strip stalks of sugar cane. Kneeling on the ground in the center of the scene, another slave feeds the stalks into a sugar mill. In the lower left-hand corner, the sugar juice extracted from the stalks is boiled in a large cauldron; the unrefined sugar is placed in the pots next to it. In the background, numerous slaves are show at work: some cut cane in the fields, some carry it in bundles, others transport pots of unrefined sugar., Plate I Girolamo Benzoni's Americae pars quinta nobilis & admiratione plena Hieronymi Bezoni Mediolanensis, secundae sectionis h[istor]ia[e] Hispanorum: tum in Indos crudelitatem, Gallorumq[ue] pirataru[m] de Hispanis toties reportata spolia: . . . (Francofurti ad Moenum: Theodoro de Bry. Leod. cive Franc, 1595), part V of DeBry's Voyages., DeBry's illustration is based on the following passage in Benzoni's text from the translation of his work by W.H. Smith: "When the natives of this island (Espanola) began to be extirpated, the Spaniards provided themselves with blacks (Mori) from Guinea . . . and they have brought great numbers thence. When there were mines, they made them work at the gold and silver; but since those came to an end they have increased the sugar-works, and in these and in tending the flocks they are chiefly occupied, besides serving their masters in all else." (History of the New World by Girolamo Benzoni, of Milan. Shewing his travels in America, from A.D. 1541 to 1556 . . . Now first translated, and edited by Rear-Admiral W.H. Smyth (London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1857) p. 93., Illustrations in part V of Benzoni's Voyages were engraved by Theodor DeBry after drawings by Joannes Stradanus., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Creator
Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver
Date
[1595]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Am 1590 Har (b.w) Log 1076.F plate I, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2658
Nigritae in scrutandis venis metallicis ab Hispanis in Insulas Abelgantur. [graphic].
Title
Nigritae in scrutandis venis metallicis ab Hispanis in Insulas Abelgantur
Description
This mining scene is one of the earliest known illustrations of slave labor in the New World. Under the supervision of the Spaniards, several slaves pour buckets of molten metal onto the ground; others work in the caves seen in the background., Plate II in Girolamo Benzoni's Americae pars quinta nobilis & admiratione plena Hieronymi Bezoni Mediolanensis, secundae sectionis h[istor]ia[e] Hispanorum: tum in Indos crudelitatem, Gallorumq[ue] pirataru[m] de Hispanis toties reportata spolia: . . . (Francofurti ad Moenum: Theodoro de Bry. Leod. cive Franc, 1595), part V of DeBry's Voyages., DeBry's illustration is based on the following passage in Benzoni's text from the translation of his work by W.H. Smyth: "When the natives of this island (Espanola) began to be extirpated, the Spaniards provided themselves with blacks (Mori) from Guinea . . . and they have brought great numbers thence. When there were mines, they made them work at the gold and silver; but since those came to an end they have increased the sugar-works, and in these and in tending the flocks they are chiefly occupied, besides serving their masters in all else." (History of the New World by Girolamo Benzoni, of Milan. Shewing his travels in America, from A.D. 1541 to 1556 . . . Now first translated, and edited by Rear-Admiral W.H. Smyth (London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1857) p. 93., Illustrations in part V of DeBry's Voyages were engraved by Theodor DeBry after drawings by Joannes Stradanus., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Creator
Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver
Date
[1595]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Am 1590 Har (b.w) Log 1076.F plate II, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2659
Von den Innwohnern des Königreichs Loango, auch von den Anziguern, auss dem V. Capitel dess ersten Buchs [graphic].
Title
Von den Innwohnern des Königreichs Loango, auch von den Anziguern, auss dem V. Capitel dess ersten Buchs
Description
Engraving is set in the Kingdom of Loango. On the left, a man belonging to the peoples formerly called the Bramas defends himself against a member of the Antique nation, a people known for their cannibalism. On the right, another member of the Antique nation chops up a decapitated corpse. Human limbs and various body parts hang from a structure in the background., Plate 12 in Duarte Lopes's Regnum Congo hoc est: warhaffte vnd eigentliche Beschreibung dess Königreichs Congo in Africa vnd deren angrentzenden Länder darinnen der inwohner Glaub Leben Sitten vnd Klendung wol vnd aussführlich vermeldet vnd angezeigt wirdt (Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn: durch Matthias Becker in Verlegung Hans Dietherich vnd Hans Israel von Bry, im Jahr M.D.C.IX. [1609]), n.p., Caption reads: "Dieses Völcklein dess Königreichs Loango, so vor zeiten Bramas genennet waren / vergleichen sich fast in allem mit den aus Congo, so ihre Nachbawren sennd / allein sie haben für ihre Rüstung nichts als lange Schilde / welche fast den ganzen Menschen bedecken / unnd in der andern Handt ein langen Pfeil mit einem langen breiten Ensen / fast wie ein Knöbelspiess / in der mitte hat has Gehölz einen runden Knopff / damit sie ihn fassen: Tragen auch Dolche welche sennd fast wie die Ensen an gemelten Spiessen. Aber diesem Königreich Loango, wohnen die Völcker Anzigues, so da in Menschenfresseren all andere wilde Nationen ubertreffen / dann sie ihre Merzigen von Menschenfleisch so gemein under ihnen haben / als wir hie aussen von allerlen Viehe / und das nicht von ihren Feinden / wie andere Indianer / sondern von ihren eigenen Freunden und Gesinde / wie in der Historien weitter zu lesen ist. Ihre Wehren sennd kleine Bögen und Pfeil / auch haben sie Arte mit kleinen Stielen / wie in dieser Figur zu sehen / mit welchen sie alle Schüsse des Pfeils mit einer grossen behendigkeit abzuwenden wissen / umb den Leib sennd sie umbgürtet mit breitten Ledern Riemen / drener Finger brent / von dicker Elendshaut / u. Sonsten sennd sie in allen den abgemeldten gleich.", The above can be translated approximately as follows: "These people of the Kingdom of Loango, formerly called the Bramas / resemble in almost all respects the people of the Congo, their neighbors / for arms, they have nothing more than a large shield / which almost covers them entirely / and in the other hand they have a long shaft with a long, pointed tip / almost like a spear / in the middle of the wooden shaft is round knob / so that it can be held: [They] also wear a dagger, whose tip is almost like that of the shaft. But in the Kindgom of Loango also live the Antiques, who surpass all other primitive nations in their cannibalism / . . . . /, for they eat not only their enemies, but also their friends and servants / as can be further read about in stories. Their weapons are bows and arrows / and also another sort / as can be seen in this engraving / which they use with great agility to protect themselves from arrows / around their waists they wear wide leather straps / their finger burns / from thick "Elendshaut" (difficult to translate -- "Elend" means suffering or misery, and "Haut" means skin), / and otherwise they resemble in all respects those described above.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1609]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Sev Lope 1212.F plate 12, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2888
Von denen so Biagas genannt werden, im IX. Capitels des andern Buchs [graphic].
Title
Von denen so Biagas genannt werden, im IX. Capitels des andern Buchs
Description
Foreground shows three men belonging to the Biaga nation. Two sleep behind their shields; the third stands with his shield, dagger, club, and arrow. In the background, Biagas use thier shields to protect themselves from their enemies' arrows., Plate 13 in Duarte Lopes's Regnum Congo hoc est: warhaffte vnd eigentliche Beschreibung dess Königreichs Congo in Africa vnd deren angrentzenden Länder darinnen der inwohner Glaub Leben Sitten vnd Klendung wol vnd aussführlich vermeldet vnd angezeigt wirdt (Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn: durch Matthias Becker in Verlegung Hans Dietherich vnd Hans Israel von Bry, im Jahr M.D.C.IX. [1609]), n.p., Caption reads: "Diese Völcker wohnen umb den ersten See dess Fluss Nili / ist ein unbarmherzig / Mörderisch und räubersiches Völck / grosser länge und statur / eines abscheulichen Anblicks / schwarzer Farb. Ihre Waffen / sind Kolben / Pfeil / Dolchen / Spiess und grosse Schilde / hinter welchen sie sich auch lägern / oder sich mit bedecken für den Schoss dess Pfeils / sie gehen gar nackend / fressen auch Menschenfleisch / die Backen und Leffzen haben sie auffgeschlizt / wenden das weisse an den Augen heraus / und stellen sich auss das ungeherst so ihnen möglich ist / ihre Feinde damit zu erschröcken / wie in der Historien weitläusstig zu sehen.", Caption can be translated approximately as follows: "These people [i.e., the Biagas] live near the first lake of the Nile / they are an unmerciful / murderous and rapacious people / of great height and stature / intimidating appearance / and black color. Their weapons / are clubs / arrows / daggers / spears and large shields / under which they sleep / or with which they protect themselves from arrows / they wear nothing / are also cannibals / they cut out the cheeks and lips / they take they whites' eyes out / and act monstrously to frighten their enemies / as can be read about futher in the accounts.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1609]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Sev Lope 1212.F plate 13, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2889
Von den Weibern in Monomotapa, auss dem IX. Capitel dess andern Buchs [graphic].
Title
Von den Weibern in Monomotapa, auss dem IX. Capitel dess andern Buchs
Description
In the foreground, a woman from Monomotapa stands with her bow and arrow. Behind her, two other women burn off the left breast of a third woman, so that it does not interfere with her ability to shoot an arrow. In the background, a battle is waged between the Monomotapa women and a group of male warriors., Plate 14 in Duarte Lopes's Regnum Congo hoc est: warhaffte vnd eigentliche Beschreibung dess Königreichs Congo in Africa vnd deren angrentzenden Länder darinnen der inwohner Glaub Leben Sitten vnd Klendung wol vnd aussführlich vermeldet vnd angezeigt wirdt (Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn: durch Matthias Becker in Verlegung Hans Dietherich vnd Hans Israel von Bry, im Jahr M.D.C.IX. [1609]), n.p., Caption reads: "Diese Weiber sennd under dem Kenser Monomotapa / welcher ein mächtiger Kenser ist / unnd viel Könige under sich hat / welche ihm bissweilen viel zu schaffen geben / derhalben er sich allezeit mit einem grossen Heer Kriegsvolck versehen muss / under welchen sennd die besten die Legionen dieser Weiber / welche von Jugend auss zum Krieg abgerichtet sennd / welche auch auss der uralten Amazoer art ire lincke Brust abbrennen / damit sie ihnen am schiessen nicht hindern. Ihre Wehren sennd Bogen und Pfeil / sennd gute und geschwinde Schützen / auch sehr standthafft unnd unversagt. Diese Weiber haben eine eigene Landschafft zubewohnen / so ihnen von irem Kenser eingegeben ist: Doch zu einer gewissen zeit gesellen sie sich zu den Männern / welche sie ihres gefallens ausssuchen: Und so sie etwan einen jungen Knaben geberen / so schicken sie denselben den Männern heym / so sie aber Mägdlein geberen / so behalten sie dieselbigen sich / und richten sie zum Krieg abe.", Portions of the caption can be translated approximately as follows: "These women are under the Kenser [?] Monomotapa / which is a powerful Kenser / to which many kings belong / which up until now has accomplished much / . . . . / . . . . / from their youth, the women are trained for war / and following the ancient tradition of the Amazoer, they burn off their left breast / so that it does not infere with their ability to shoot. Their weapons are bows and arrows / . . . . / . . . . These women have their own area in which to live / so that they are surrounded by their Kenser. But at certain times they also socialize with men / . . . and sometimes a son is born, who is sent back to the men, but when a daughter is born, she is kept and trained for war.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Bry, Hans Dietherich and Hans Israel von, engraver
Date
[1609]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Sev Lope 1212.F plate 14, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2890
An inhabitant of Angola [graphic].
Title
An inhabitant of Angola
Description
Portrait image of an Angolan man. Subject wears only a tall head-piece, seemingly made of feathers, and a ribbon around his genitals. He holds a long spear in his right hand. An Angolan idol appears in the sky in the background. On the preceding page, Hebert wrote, "In Angola the people are fearfull blacke, their Religion is Ethnick, the Idols are of great esteeme amongst them, and called Mokisso, generally they are so wedded to Superstition, that some adore the Deuill in forme of a bloudie Dragon. Others a Ram-goat, a Leopard, a Batt, an Owle, a Snake or Dogge, to whom they ceremoniously kneele and bow vnto, groueling then vpon the Earth, they throw dust on their faces, and offer Hearbes, Rice, Rootes, Fruits, and such like, which is deuoured by the Witches, a Monster not a little feared and esteemed of amongst these Deuillish Sauages." (p. 8), Illustration in Sir Thomas Hebert's A relation of some yeares travaile, begvnne anno 1626: Into Afrique and the greater Asia, especially the territories of the Persian monarchie: and some parts of the Orientall Indies, and iles adiacent. Of their religion, language, habit, discent, ceremonies, and other matters concerning them . . . (London: Printed by William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, 1634), p. 9., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver
Date
[1634]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Stc 13190 902.F (Preston) p 9, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2892
[The Jages; Kingdom of Monoe-mugi, or Nimeamaye] [graphic].
Title
[The Jages; Kingdom of Monoe-mugi, or Nimeamaye]
Description
The engraving shows the Jages, who lived in the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Mono-mugi, or Nimeamye, between Okango and the Lake. According to Ogilby, the Jages were "the cruellest and most inhumane people." As he wrote, "These Jages are like in Manners, Wars, and Savageness to the Jages of Ansico, for they eat up all those that they take Prisoners in the Wars, or serve them as Slaves; and for Ornament have also Feathers stuck through their Noses, and both the upper Teeth before are struck out; without which marks none can be received in their Bands or Companies, as we have at large before related." (p. 603) In the engraving, the Jages take members of another tribe captive. They are armed with swords, daggers, and bows and arrows, and wear feathers through their noses., Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 603., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 603, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2963
[How the gold is taken up in the river; Negroland] [graphic].
Title
[How the gold is taken up in the river; Negroland]
Description
The engraving shows residents of Negroland diving for gold, it accompanies the following passage in Ogilby's text: "In some places, especially at the plentiful Gold-River Atzine, under the Cliffs and Water-falls, shooting down from the Mountains, Gold is taken up, in this manner: They Dive with a hollow Woodden Tray to the bottom, and rake there among the Earth, Stones, and all that they can come at; with which having filled their Dishes, they come up above Water, and washing the Mass, find the Gold; for sometimes whole pieces are wash't down by force of the Water, through the Gold-Veins; whereof the King of Egwira hath a great many, which he keeps for his Fancy, ascribing a secret Power and Vertue to it." (p. 448), Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 449., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 449, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2956
[Anna Xinga and her commanders] [graphic].
Title
[Anna Xinga and her commanders]
Description
Engraving features Anna Xinga or Nzinga (second from left), the daughter and rightful successor of the King of Congo. After the Portuguese prevented her ascension to the throne, she fled the kingdom. As Ogilby explained, "She and her People (for the most part) lead an unsettled life, roving up and down from place to place, like the Jages: Before any enterprize undertaken, though of meanest concern, they ask councel of the Devil; to which end they have an Idol, to whom they sacrifice a living Person, of the wisest and comliest they can pick out." Ogilby then continued, "The Queen against the time of this Sacrifice, Clothes her self in mans appareal, (nor indeed does she at any time go otherwise habited) hanging about her the Skins of beasts, before and behind, with a Sword about her Neck, an Ax at her Girdle, and a Bowe and Arrows in her Hand, leaping according to their Custom, now here, then there, as nimbly, as the most active among her Attendants; all the while striking her Engema, that is, two Iron Bells, which serve her in stead of Drums. When she thinks she has made a show long enough, in a Masculine manner, and thereby hath weary'd her self; then she takes a broad Feather and sticks it through the holes of her boar'd Nose, for a sign of War. She her self in this rage, begins with the first of those appointed to be sacrificed; and cutting off his head, drinks a great draught of his blood. Then follow the Stoutest Commanders, as do as she hath done; and this with a great hurly-burly, tumult, and playing upon Instruments about their Idol. Among all her most pretious things, she bestows no such care on any, as the Bones of one of her Brothers, who Raign'd before her, which lie together in a costly Silver Chest, long before gotten of the Portuguese." (p. 564), Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 565., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 565, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2961
[The king of Benin and his army] [graphic].
Title
[The king of Benin and his army]
Description
Shows the King of Benin (second from right), and the members of his army. As Ogilby explained, in one day, the king could raise "twenty thousand Men in Arms, and in time of need, eighty, or a hundred thousand: so becomes dreadful to all his Neighbors." According to Ogilby, the common soldiers usually left "the upper part of the Their Body naked, but on the lower [wore] a Cloth as fine as Silk." (p. 474) Members of nobility clothed themselves in scarlet ("as a Badge of Eminency"), or wore "Gorgets of Elephants and Leopard-Teeth, and high red Caps, Wrought and Quilted with Leopards and Civet-Cat Skins; unto which hangs a long Horse Tail for Ornament"). (p. 474), Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 475., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 475, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2959
[Funeral in Negroland] [graphic].
Title
[Funeral in Negroland]
Description
The engraving shows a funeral rite, or fakotima, in Negroland. In this scene, the funeral orations have already ended, and the deceased has been propped up on a platform. According to Ogibly, when the deceased was a man (as is the case here), his friends put "a Bowe and Arrow into his hand, and arrayed him with his best Garment." Then, they offered presents, "one Needles, another a Kettle or Bason; the third a Garment; a fourth Dishes, and Earthen and Tin Cups." In this engraving, the kinsmen of the deceased play with bows and arrows in front of the corspe, as was customary., Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 394., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 394, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2954
[The king's seat] [graphic].
Title
[The king's seat]
Description
Shows the throne or ("seat") of an African King in Nether-Ethiopia. According to Ogilby's text, "The Stool, or Seat, whereupon he sits, stands raised upon a Foot-pace, dressed with white and black Wickers, very artificially Woven, and other sorts of curious adornings; behind his Back hangs on a Pole a Shield, cover'd with divers party-colour'd Stuffs, brought out of Europe. Near him stand also six of eight Fanns, by them call'd Pos, or Mani, and containing in length and breadth half a Fathom, at the upper end of a long Stick which runs through the middle of it, having a round Brim, in form of a half Globe fasten'd, interwoven with little Horns, and with white and black Parrots Feathers between: Those Fanns certain People, which the King keeps for that purpose, move with great force, which agitating the Air, causes a refreshing and pleasant coolness. Before the King's seat lieth spread a great Cloth twenty Fathom long, and twelve broad, made of quilted Leaves sew'd together, upon which none may go but the King and his Children; but round it they leave room for two or three persons to pass by, the Nobility sitting in long Ranks, every one with a Buffles Tail in his Hand, which for the most part they move in the preference of the King: Some sit upon the bare Ground; others upon Cloathes made of the same Stuff with the King's: Behind them stand the People; as behind the King all his great Officers, not few in number." (p. 507), Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 507., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 507, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2960
[The Koredo] [graphic].
Title
[The Koredo]
Description
Set in Negroland, the engraving addresses way in which the King dealt with disobedient subjects, or "any man who keeps away from his duty." As Ogilby explained, when any nobleman proved disobedient, or failed to comply with a summons, the King sent his Koredo, or shield. The shield was brought by two drummers (shown here in the foreground), who began beating their drums "as soon as they came near the Offenders Habitations." Upon receipt of the shield, the offender was required, without the slightest delay, "to speed away to the Court, carrying the shield with him." After presenting the shield to the King, the offender was expected to "beg forgiveness of his miscarriages," and to "take up Earth before the King, humbling himself." (p. 399), Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 399., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 399, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2955
["Household-stuff"; Negroland] [graphic].
Title
["Household-stuff"; Negroland]
Description
The engraving offers a partial view of the interior and exterior of a house in Negroland. It accompanies the following paragraph in Ogilby's text: "The best of their Household-stuff is commonly one or two wooden Chests, bought of the Whites, wherein they Lock all they possess; so that little can be seen in their Houses. They have some Kalabasses, which they call Akosso, made of the Straw of Mille, wherein they commonly carry their Wares and other Goods to sell. Their Arms, such as Shields, Assagays, or Launces, hang on the Wall for Ornament. The remaining part of their Goods consists in a Mat to sleep on, two or three stumps of wood for Stools, a Pot or two to boyl in, two or three Kalabasses to drink Palm-Wine out of, and a great Kettle to wash themselves in." (p. 454) Many of the objects to which Ogibly refers can be seen in the engraving. For example, at the far left, an African washes himself in a "great Kettle," while the man at the far right raises a kalabasse in his hand. In the center of the scene, the standing figure holds his sleeping mat, and several straw baskets (Akosso) are scattered on the ground. In accordance with Ogilby's description, arms, shields, and the like decorate the walls of the house., Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 454., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 454 A, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2957
[Ehem, or little boats, and jenge-jenge, or African bridges, in Negroland] [graphic].
Title
[Ehem, or little boats, and jenge-jenge, or African bridges, in Negroland]
Description
Engraving shows two ehem (or canoes), which were commonly used in Negroland. On the left, two men build an ehem, while a third wades through the water with a bundle of wood on his back. To the right, five men paddle a finished ehem. As Ogilby wrote, "Along the whole Coast the Inhabitants use light and nimble Boats, or Sloops; by them call'd, Ehem; by the Portuguese, Almades; and by the English and others, Canoos: with which they go some Leagues to Sea, and row up the Rivers from one place to another: They are made of one entire piece of Wood, or the body of a Tree cut long-ways with Cutting-Knives; then made hollow on the sides, and narrow above, with a flat bottom, and without any covering over head; the Ends before and behind narrow, and close together as a Hand-bow, and almost in the same fashion; the Head somewhat lower, the Sides a finger thick, and the Bottom two: And after the hollowing, they burn the Wood with Straw, to prevent Worms, and cleaving by the Sun. At each End the Canoo hath a Bowe like a Galley, a foot long, and a Knob a hand thick, whereby the Blacks carry them in and out of the Water upon their shoulders; for they suffer them not to lie soaking in the water, but set them upon Props to dry; by which means they both preserve them from rotting, and make them more pliable and swift in the using. Behind they have a Rudder like an Oar, being a long Stick with a round leaf at it: The common ones, wherewith they go out a Fishing, are generally sixteen foot long, five broad, and three foot high; some so large, that fifty or sixty men may stand in them with their Arms; which sort are made about Cape de tres Puntas, because there grows mighty large Trees, being seventeen or eighteen fathom in thickness. They lie not high with their Sides above water, but oftentimes he that steers the Helm, sits with his body most in the water: The small ones will hold onely one man in the Breadth, but seven or eight in the Length; which are rowed with Oars made of hard wood, in shape of a Spade, with an extraordinary dexterity Galley-fashion; and make such swift way in Still water, that they seem to flye, but in Rough-water they will not go forward so fast: The smaller sort, by reason of their narrowness, overset very easily which the Negroe's with great facility turn and leap into again." (p. 454-55), Illustration in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 454 (bottom)., A closely related version of the engraving (mirror image) was published in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde (Leyden: 1729?) under the title Ehem, ou canots, petits bateaux, et Jenge-Jenge ou ponts des Africains., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 454 B, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2958
Dracht en wapening der Hottentots = The Hottentots clothing and their dress. [graphic].
Title
Dracht en wapening der Hottentots = The Hottentots clothing and their dress
Description
Set in a lush landscape near the Cape of Good Hope, the illustration features a group of Khoikoin, also known (pejoratively) as the Hottentots. Engraving accompanies a passage in which Ogilby offers a detailed description of their clothing and weapons. "Their Clothing is very sordid, and vile, most of the Men wearing onely a Sheeps Pelt, or Badgers Skin, in manner of a Mantle about their Shoulders, with the hairy side commonly within, and ty'd under their Chin. Such a Mantle consists of three Pieces, neatly sew'd together with Sinews of Beasts in stead of Threed. When they go abroad, or upon a Journey, they throw another Sheeps-skin, with the Wool on the out-side, over the undermost. Upon their Heads they wear a Cap of Lamb-skin, with the Woolly side inward, and a Button on the top. Their shoes are made of a Rhincerot's Skin, and consists of a whole flat Piece, before and behind of a like heighth, with a Cross of two Leather-bands fasten'd to their Feet. Before their Privacies hangs a little piece of a wild Wood-Cat, or ring-streaked Tyger, or Jack-alls Skin, ty'd behind with two Thongs. The Habit of the Women differs little from the former, being a Sheep-skin Mantle on the upper part of their Bodies, with the Wool inwards; but somewhat longer than the Men; also another Skin hanging behind to cover their back-parts, and a square Piece before their Privacies. On their Heads they wear a high Cap of a Sheeps, or Badgers Skin, bound to their Heads with a broad Fillet: In all the rest following the Mens Garb. . . . Many of them wear as an Ornament, the Guts of Beasts, fresh and stinking, drawn two or three times one through another, about their Necks, and the like about their Legs . . . . When they go abroad they have usually an Ostrich Feather, or a Staff, with a wild Cats Tail ty'd to it, in one Hand, in stead of a Handkerchief to wipe their Eyes and Noses, and beat away the Dust, Sand, and Flies, and in the other Hand a sleight Javelin. The Women never go abroad without a Leather Sack at their backs, having at each end a Tuft or Taffel, fill'd with one trifle or another. Their Weapons, or Arms, are Bowes and Arrows, and small Darts, three, four, or five Foot long, having at one end a broad sharp Iron fixed, which they handle and throw very dexterously." (p. 590-91), Double-page plate in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid: the Land of Negroes, Guinee, and Aethiopia, and Abyssines, with all the Adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, Belonging Thereunto (London: Printed by Tho. Johnson, for the author, and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXX [1670]), p. 590., A seemingly identical copy of this engraving appeared in Pieter van der Aa's La Galerie agreable du monde (Leyden: 1729?). The Leyden version was signed by van der Aa., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1670]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Wing O163 14.F p 590, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2962
[The manner of making sugar in the sugar-mills, Brazil] [graphic].
Title
[The manner of making sugar in the sugar-mills, Brazil]
Description
Engraving accompanies Section VII. (Bahia de Todos los Sanctos), in which Montanus describes sugar-cane planting and sugar-making in Brazil. Scene features a hydo-powered sugar-mill, which, as Montanus explains, "consist[s] of three great Iron Bars, between which the Canes are squeez'd." Here, under the inspection of two European planters, several slaves feed stalks of sugar cane into the mill. The extracted juice (which Montanus calls Caldo) runs through a gutter into a keetle, where it is boiled. Afterwards, the sugary syrup is boiled a second and third time until nears the consistency of sugar. As Montanus noted, the "dross which remains" is given to the slaves, "which work for half a year together Night and Day like Horses." (p. 504), Illustration Arnoldus Montanus's America: Being the Latest, and Most Accurate Description of the New World; Containing the Original of the Inhabitants, and the Remarkable Voyages Thither. . . (London: Printed by the author [i.e. translator], and are to be had at his house in White Fryers, M.DC.LXXI. (1671)], p. 504., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Works Scenes.
Date
[1671]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1671 Mon 15.F p 504, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2660
La figure des moulins a sucre [graphic] / A. W. delin. ; H.B. s.
Title
La figure des moulins a sucre
Description
Set on a plantation, the illustration features a sugar mill and shows the initial phases of sugar production. Mill is powered by oxen (Fig. A), who rotate a large axel that turns the rollers (Figs. C and G) into which slaves feed stalks of sugar cane (Fig. L). The juice that has been extracted from the process flows into a basin (Fig. E). Once collected, the juice is heated in vats (Fig. K). Slaves skim off impurities in the presence of planters., Double-page plate in Charles de Rochefort's Histoire naturelle et morale Iles Antilles de l'Amerique (Rotterdam: Chez Reinier Leers, M.DC.LXXXI [1681], p. 332., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Date
[1681]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1681 Roche 214.Q p 332, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2661
Commerce des Esclaves [graphic].
Title
Commerce des Esclaves
Description
Two male slaves, who are bound together at the ankle, are bought by a European slave-trader. The figure to the left is most likely an African slave-trader. The man smokes a pipe and holds a small child by the hand. In the lower left-hand corner, a woman grinds corn ("coscou") with a mortar and pestle. An infant is tied to her back. Behind the group, three slaves paddle a small boat on the ocean ("comme les Negres rament de bout"). A larger vessel, possibly a slave-ship, is visible in the background., Plate in François Froger's Relation d'un voyage fait en 1695, 1696 & 1697: aux côtes d'Afrique, détroit de Magellan, Brezil, Cayenne & isles Antilles, par une escadre des vaisseaux du roy, commandée par M. de Gennes (A Paris: Imprimée par les soins & aux frais du sieur de Fer, geographe de Monseigneur le dauphin. Dans l'isle du Palais, sur le quay de l'Horloge, à la Sphere royale: Et chez G. Saugrain dans la grande salle du Palais, à la Croix d'or., M.DC.XCVIII. [1698]), p. 16., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator
Inselin, C., engraver
Date
[1698]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1698 Froge 578.D p 16, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2662
[Punishments for deserters] [graphic].
Title
[Punishments for deserters]
Description
Two scenes show methods for punishing runaway slaves. As the caption suggests, the top image shows the way in which Portuguese colonizers punished captured fugitives: here, a slave-owner whips a slave who hangs by his neck from a tree limb. A form of punishment invented in Martinique is shown at the bottom left: a standing slave is forced to wear a collar around his neck and a shackle around his right ankle. The two are connected by a short chain that forces the slave to bend his right leg backward and support all of his weight on his left leg. Lastly, the bottom right illustrates one slave's punishment for having escaped: his leg was amputated above the knee., Plate in François Froger's Relation d'un voyage fait en 1695, 1696 & 1697: aux côtes d'Afrique, détroit de Magellan, Brezil, Cayenne & isles Antilles, par une escadre des vaisseaux du roy, commandée par M. de Gennes (A Paris: Imprimée par les soins & aux frais du sieur de Fer, geographe de Monseigneur le dauphin. Dans l'isle du Palais, sur le quay de l'Horloge, à la Sphere royale: Et chez G. Saugrain dans la grande salle du Palais, à la Croix d'or., M.DC.XCVIII. [1698]), p. 150., Caption accompanying the top scene reads: "Comme les Portugais fouettent leurs Esclaves lors quils ont deserté." The caption on the bottom left reads: "Invention d'un François de la Martinique;" the one on the right reads: "Esclave qui a la Jambe coupee pour avoir deserte.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Punishment Scenes.
Creator
Inselin, C., engraver
Date
[1698]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1698 Froge 578.D p 150, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2663
[Processing tobacco] [graphic].
Title
[Processing tobacco]
Description
Engraving shows four slaves at work in a tobacco house. In the lower right-hand corner, a female slave sits on the ground and strips (?) tobacco. Behind her, another slave twists tobacco, while a third slave (to the left) puts it on a roll. Drying tobacco leaves hang upside down from the house's rafters. In the background, a woman and a child work hanging leaves., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Laban's Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique (A Paris: rue S. Jacques, chez Pierre-François Giffart, prés la ruë Mathurins, à l'image Sainte Therese, M.DCC.XXII [1722]), vol. 4, p. 496., The key in the upper left-hand corner reads: 1. Negre qui ejambe le tabac. 2. Negre qui torque le tabac. 3. Negre qui le met en rolle. 4. Tabac a la pente., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Date
[1722]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1722 Lab 62402.D v 4 p 496, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2665
Negre jouant du balafo [graphic].
Title
Negre jouant du balafo
Description
Sitting in the doorway of a hut, an African man plays a wooden xylophone called the balafo (i.e. balo). A detail of the balafo, common in Senegambia, is shown at the top., Plate in Jean Baptiste Laban's Nouvelle relation de l'Afrique occidentale: contenant une description exacte du Senegal & des Pais situés entre le Cap-Blanc & la riviere de Serrelionne, jusqu'à plus de 300. lieues en avant dans les terres. L'histoire naturelle de ces pais, les differentes nations qui y sont répandues, leurs religions & leurs moeurs. Avec l'etat ancien et présent des compagnies qui y font le commerce (A Paris: Chez Pierre-François Giffart, rue Saint Jacques, à Sainte Therese, M.DCC.XXVIII [1728]), vol. 2, p. 332, Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1728]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Labat 65539.D v 2 p 332, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2921
Negoce des Negres avec les Europeans. [graphic].
Title
Negoce des Negres avec les Europeans
Description
Set at Cape Verde, this engraving shows Africans trading with Europeans. In the foreground, a European merchant pours some type of libation into an African's cup. Behind them, another European kneels in front of a small group of Africans. In the left background, workers roll barrels onto a small boat, and large trading vessels can be seen on the waters in the distance., Illustration in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?])., Caption underneath the image reads: (1) Roy et (2) Alkaide au Cap Verd., In the absence of pagination, 32 has been written to the right of the border of the image., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (32), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2944
Coutume des Sacrifices chez les Angolais [graphic].
Title
Coutume des Sacrifices chez les Angolais
Description
In the center of the scene, a fire burns in an urn, sending clouds of smoke upward. A large group of Angolans has congregated around the urn: they dance, clap, beat drums and other instruments, and appear to offer prayers to the gods. The king is seated on the edge of the circle; his attendants stand next to him. Toward the right, four men -- presumably those intended for sacrifice -- stand with their hands bound behind their backs., Illustration in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?])., In the absence of pagination, 31a has been written to the right of the border of the image., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (31a), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2943
Ehem, ou canots, petits bateaux, et jenge-jenge ou ponts des Africains. [graphic].
Title
Ehem, ou canots, petits bateaux, et jenge-jenge ou ponts des Africains
Description
On the bank of a river, three Africans build an ehem, or a "small boat." One breaks a piece of wood over his knee; another chops wood with an axe, and the third wades through the river with a bundle of wood on his back. The cloud of smoke rising from behind the boat suggests that the construction process has necessitated a fire. Behind them, a group of Africans paddle a finished ehem. In the background, a Jenge-Jenge, or an African bridge, stretches across the river. The bridge appears to consist of wooden planks, and each of its four corners is tied to a palm tree, so that two pairs of trees secure the bridge on either side. Ropes stretched between the trees also provide hand-rails. Two men are shown crossing the bridge; each carries a large bundle on his back., Illustration in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?])., In the absence of pagination, 41 has been written to the right of the set of images., A closely related version of the engraving (mirror image) had been published earlier in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid (London, 1670), p. 454., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (41), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2946
L'Afrique [graphic] / F. de Wit Excudit.
Title
L'Afrique
Description
The engraving features an African family and an elephant in the foreground of an idyllic African landscape. The father rests his hand on the elephant's out-stretched trunk; next to him,the mother holds an infant in her arms, shielding the child from the sun with an umbrella. Behind them, others hunt, fish, rest, and swim in a river., Double-page frontispiece for Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?])., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
De Wit, F., engraver
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2941
Nouvelle carte de l'Afrique [graphic].
Title
Nouvelle carte de l'Afrique
Description
Physical and political map of Africa with the Arabian Peninsula, some parts of the Near East, and a portion of the Mediterranean region. A marginal illustration in the lower left-hand corner portrays African hunters and various indigenous animals, including two elephants., Fold-out map in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), p. 16, The insert in the lower left-hand corner reads: "Nouvelle carte de l'Afrique, avec ses Royaumes, Provinces, Iles et Riviéres, suirant les Relations les plus recentes Voyageurs donnée au Public par Pierre Vander AA, Marchand Libraire À Leide.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F p 16, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2952
Nigritie, ou le pays des Negres en Afrique, avec tous ses royaumes, bayes, rivieres et ports de mer, suivant les meilleurs relations de ceux qui ont ete sur les lieux, et nouvellement mise au jour. [graphic] / par Pierre Vander AA.
Title
Nigritie, ou le pays des Negres en Afrique, avec tous ses royaumes, bayes, rivieres et ports de mer, suivant les meilleurs relations de ceux qui ont ete sur les lieux, et nouvellement mise au jour
Description
Physical and political map of the Western coast of Central Africa. A marginal illustration in the lower left-hand corner features African kings and hunters, as well as various indigenous animals, including two elephants and a lion. It also shows a few Europeans trading with African merchants. In the background, several figures bathe in an idyllic landscape., Folded map in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 31 has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F 31, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2942
De stadt Benin = Benin, ville de la Guinée, en Afrique [graphic] / A Leide, chez Pierre Vander AA.
Title
De stadt Benin = Benin, ville de la Guinée, en Afrique
Description
Bird's-eye view of the African city of Benin in Guinea. According to the key, which is printed in both French and Dutch, A denotes the queen's residence. B represents the wall surrounding the royal grounds, and C marks the entrance. The structures marked D are diverse palace buildings. The procession denoted by the letter F (should be E) suggests the "solemn depature of the king." The figure marked E (should be F) represents "his royalty on a horse." G denotes musicians playing for the king; H corresponds with "fools and dwarfs;" and the figures marked I tend to the king's tigers., Double-page plate in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 38 has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (38), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2945
De Stadt van Lovango = La ville de Lovango, en Afrique. [graphic] / A Leide, chez Pierre Vander AA.
Title
De Stadt van Lovango = La ville de Lovango, en Afrique
Description
Bird's-eye view of the city of Lovango in Central Africa. According to the key, which is printed in both French and Dutch, A denotes the king's palace; B represents another court residence; C is the watch-tower; D is the wine cellar; E is the king's dining room; and F is a space for receiving the public. G marks the king's garden, while H denotes the ladies' garden. In the left foreground, Africans worship two divinities, which are marked I and K. A group of worshipers has congregated around I. Wearing feathered head-dresses, the worshipers dance and wave small flags. Kneeling in front of the divinity marked K, a solitary figure offers prayers. Behind him, four men smoke long pipes. L is the road on which criminals were dragged away., Double-page plate in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 47 has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (47), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2947
Lovango [graphic] / A. Meyer fecit.
Title
Lovango
Description
Two residents of Lovango are shown on a hill in front of the city. A woman stands to the left; she wears flowing garments and carries a basket and a staff. A man is shown at the right; he wears a loincloth and a quiver, and holds a shield and a large club. The city is visible below them., Double-page plate in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 47a has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Meyer, Aldert, b. ca. 1664, engraver
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (47a), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2948
Congo [graphic] / A. Meyer fecit.
Title
Congo
Description
Two residents of Congo are shown on a river-bank. A man stands to the left; he wears a plumed head-dress and warrior's garb, and holds a shield and a paddle. A woman crouches at the right. She is shown from the rear, and carries two children on her back. A river is visible behind them, as is a village., Double-page plate in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 49a has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Meyer, Aldert, b. ca. 1664, engraver
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (49a), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2949
Bansa oste de Stadt Salvador. Hoost-stadt van het Rijk Congo. = Bansa ou S. Salvador. Capitale de Congo. [graphic] / A Leide, Chez Pierre vander Aa.
Title
Bansa oste de Stadt Salvador. Hoost-stadt van het Rijk Congo. = Bansa ou S. Salvador. Capitale de Congo
Description
View of the city of Banza, or San Salvador, with the River Lelunda. According to the key, A represents the king's palace. The figures denoted by the letter B (lower right, on the river's edge) are slaves who collect water to supply to the city. The structures marked C are churches, and D is a citadel. E is a spring from which slaves collect fresh water., Folded illustration in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 50 has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (50), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2950
Dracht en wapening der Hottentots = Les armes et habits des Hottentots, aupres le Cap de Bonne Esperance. [graphic] / A Leide, Chez Pierre vander Aa.
Title
Dracht en wapening der Hottentots = Les armes et habits des Hottentots, aupres le Cap de Bonne Esperance
Description
Set in a lush landscape near the Cape of Good Hope, the illustration features a group of Khoikoin, also known (somewhat pejoratively) as the Hottentots. As the title suggests, the engraving shows their weapons and manner of dress. Both the men and the women wear loin-cloths and shawls bordered with fur. A few wear bands around their lower legs. Some of the Khoikoin carry spears; the central figure is also shown with a bow and a quiver., Double-page plate in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., In the absence of pagination, 57 has been written next to the plate., Seemingly, van der Aa copied from an unsigned engraving published in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid (London: 1670) under the title "Dracht en Wapening der Hottentots / The Hottentots Clothing and Their Arms.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (57), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2951
[Le Cap de Bona Esperance] [graphic] / Carolus Allard excudit cum Privilegio ordinum Hollandie et Westfrisiae ; A. Meyer fecit.
Title
[Le Cap de Bona Esperance]
Description
Engraving shows a black family near the Cape of Good Hope. Carrying three small children (two hang in front of her, one is strapped on her back), the mother gestures toward the father, who appears to hold a dead bird by its neck. (It could, however, be some other type of creature.) The father wears a large collar, and his skin reveals numerous cut-marks. Ships are visible on the waters in the background., Double-page plate in Pieter van der Aa's La galerie agreable du monde, où l'on voit et un grand nombre de cartes tres-exactes et de belles tailles-douces, les principaux empires, roiaumes, republiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses . . . (Le tout mis en ordre & executé à Leide, par Pierre vander Aa [1729?]), n.p., Caption reads: C.D. Bona Esperance., In the absence of pagination, 57a has been written next to the plate., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Meyer, Aldert, b. ca. 1664, engraver
Date
[1729?]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Gen Gal v 60-62 1729.F n.p. (57a), https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2940
Maisons des Negres du Cap Mezurado [graphic] / K. De Putter.
Title
Maisons des Negres du Cap Mezurado
Description
Accompanying chapter sixteen, "Du Cap Mesurado. Sa Description," the engraving shows a small African settlement at Cape Mesurade (in modern Liberia). The buildings include a kitchen (left), a residence, and a small hut fashioned out of red clay. A public square and a meeting-place occupy the space immediately outside the settlement's walls., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Labat's Voyage du chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, isles voisines, et a Cayenne, Fait en 1725, 1726, & 1727 (A Amsterdam: aux dépens de la Compaigne, M.DCC.XXXI [1731], vol. 1, p. 104., Key underneath the engraving reads as follows: A. Cazes des Negres du Cap de Mezurade reuetues de terre Rouge. B. Cuisine. C. Caze a mil et Rise maçonée de terre Rouge. D. Caldé ou les Negres s'assemblent pour leur Negoce et Causer pendant le jour. E. Cour. F. Place publique., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Putter, K. De, engraver
Date
1731
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1731 Lab 1691.D v 1 p 104, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2668
Procession au grand serpent pour le Couronnement du Roy de Juda fait le 15 April 1725 [graphic] / K. De Putter fecit 1731.
Title
Procession au grand serpent pour le Couronnement du Roy de Juda fait le 15 April 1725
Description
Large aerial depiction of the procession of the grand serpent for the coronation of the King of Juda (French Guiana). While the King does not appear himself, notable figures include the master of ceremonies (Fig. T, in the middle of the image, slightly left of center), the King's mother (Fig. 4, to the right of the palm tree in the central foreground), and the grand sacrificer (Fig. 7, below the King's mother). Several troops of musketeers, numerous bands of trumpeters, flutists, and drummers, and many of the King's wives are included in the engraving as well. Two groups of women (Fig. L and Fig. R) carry offerings for the grand serpent, whose mosque appears in the upper left-hand corner (Fig. D)., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Labat's Voyage du chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, isles voisines, et a Cayenne, Fait en 1725, 1726, & 1727 (A Amsterdam: aux dépens de la Compaigne, M.DCC.XXXI [1731], vol. 2, p. 154., The key underneath the image reads as follows: A. Rade des Vaisseaux; B. Tentes des Vaisseaux sur le bord de la Coste; D. Mosquée du Grand Serpent; E. Le peuple assis; F. Six chasse Cocquins avec leurs Baguettes; G. 40 Mosquetaires; H. 20 Trompettes; I. 20 Tambouers; K. 20 Flutes; L. 12 Femmes du Roy Portant des presens au Serpent; M. Premier Valet de Chambre du Roy; N. 20 Trompettes; O. 40 Mosquetaires; P. 20 Tambours; Q. 20 Flutes; R. 12 Femmes du Roy Portans des Viures pour le Serpent; S. 3 Nains du Roy; T. Maitre des Ceremonies; V. 40 Mosquetaires; X. 20 Tambours; Y. 20 Trompettes; Z. 20 Flutes; 1. 12 Femmes du Roy Portant les presens de sa mere; 2. Trois Valets Portant la Chaise de la Mere du Roy; 3. Trois Nains du Roy; 4. La Mere du Roy; 5. 3 Dames du Palais; 6. Musique du Serail par les Femmes; 7. Grand Sacrifficateur; 8. 40 Mosquetaires., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Putter, K. De, engraver
Date
[1731]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1731 Lab 1691.D v 2 p 154, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2965
Supplice d'un homme et d'une femme adulteres a Juda [graphic].
Title
Supplice d'un homme et d'une femme adulteres a Juda
Description
A woman accused of adultery is burned at the stake in front of a large crowd in Juda (French Guiana). A man accused of the same sits in a pit next to her and watches as her body is consumed by flames and smoke. (Presumably, he is about to receive the same punishment.) Drummers, men with rifles, and women carrying pots number among the hundreds of onookers. The women's pots may contain some type of accelerant, for one of the women pours liquid onto the head of the adulterous man., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Labat's Voyage du chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, isles voisines, et a Cayenne, Fait en 1725, 1726, & 1727 (A Amsterdam: aux dépens de la Compaigne, M.DCC.XXXI [1731], vol. 2, p. 66., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1731]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1731 Lab 1691.D v 2 p 66, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2669
Habillement des grands / Habillement des Femmes du Roy [graphic].
Title
Habillement des grands / Habillement des Femmes du Roy
Description
The plate accompanies Chapter VIII, "Mouers & Coûtumes du Royaume de Juda." The engraving on the left shows the dress of the nobility and the King's wives in Juda (now in French Guiana). Their headwear is particularly notable, with the King's wife wearing a tall straw bonnet. The image on the right shows various weapons, tools, and musical instruments used by the people of Juda, and includes an iron flute, a drum, a hoe, a bow and arrow, and swords made from iron and wood., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Labat's Voyage du chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, isles voisines, et a Cayenne, Fait en 1725, 1726, & 1727 (A Amsterdam: aux dépens de la Compaigne, M.DCC.XXXI [1731], vol. 2, p. 194., The key underneath the engraving on the left reads as follows: "1. Instrument fait en Visse rempli d'anneaux de Cuivre au bout du quel est un Coq de Cuivre servant a la musique du Roy. 2. Cruche de terre Couverte de peau servant de tambour pour les Femmes du Roy. 3. Panier dozier rempli de Cocquilles qui sert a la musique du Roy.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1731]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1731 Lab 1691.D v 2 p 194, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2964
[Workers processing indigo] [graphic].
Title
[Workers processing indigo]
Description
Illustration of the processing of indigo with captions describing the work. Captions read: The Negroes cutting ye indigo; the Negroes throwing ye indigo into ye water; a Negro stirring ye indigo in water; Negroes carrying indigo into chests or cafes to dry it; Overseer of ye Negroes; and Anil or indigo., Plate 35 in Pierre Pomet's A compleat history of druggs, written in French by Monsieur Pomet... illustrated with above four hundred copper cutts (London: printed for R. Bonwicke, William Freeman, Timothy Goodwin, John Walthoe, Matthew Wotton [and 5 others in London], 1712), page 90, book 5 and in later editions of the same work issued in 1725, 1737 and 1748., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project.
Date
[1737]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Il Pome 2177.Q plate 35., https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2843
The Negroes stringing and rolling tobacco. [graphic].
Title
The Negroes stringing and rolling tobacco
Description
Illustration of the processing of tobacco including a depiction of the tobacco plant., Plate 37 in Pierre Pomet's A compleat history of druggs, written in French by Monsieur Pomet... illustrated with above four hundred copper cutts (London: printed for R. Bonwicke, William Freeman, Timothy Goodwin, John Walthoe, Matthew Wotton [and 5 others in London], 1712), page 94, book 5 and in later editions of the same work issued in 1725, 1737 and 1748., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project.
Date
[1737]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Il Pome 2177.Q plate 37., https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2844
After what manner the Hottentots secure their cattle in the night ; The carriage - oxen of the Hottentots [graphic].
Title
After what manner the Hottentots secure their cattle in the night ; The carriage - oxen of the Hottentots
Description
Included in Chapter XV, "Of the Hottentot Management with Regard to their Cattle," the plates describe aspects of animal husbandry, as practiced by the Hottentot [i.e. Khoikoin] peoples. As the title suggests, the top engraving shows the manner in which the Khoikoin secured cattle during the night. The image is described in section XIV, where Kolb wrote, "I shall now shew after what Manner the Hottentots secure their cattle in the Night. The Cots of a Kraal [defined variously as a hut, an entire village, an enclosure, or a corral], as I have said already, are rang'd in a Circle, the Area of which is quite open. There is but one Entrance into a Kraal and that a narrow one. Between Five and Six in the Evening, as I have said too, the Hottentots generally drive their Cattle from Pasture. . . . On the Area of the Kraal they lodge the Calves and all the small Cattle. And round the Kraal, on the Outside, they range the great Cattle, their Heads close up to the Cots. Their Great Cattle, so rang'd, they tie, Two and Two together, by the Feet, to prevent their Struggling." (p. 176) The bottom engraving shows the oxen of the Khoikoin, of which Kolb said the followiing, "The Hottentots have likewise great Numbers of Oxen for Carriage. These too are very strong and stately Creatures, chosen out of the Herds at about the Age of Two Years, by old Men, well skill'd in Cattle. When they have destin'd an Ox to carry Burthens, they take and throw him on his Back on the Ground; and fastening his Head and Feet, as they do those of a Bull when they geld him, they make a Hole with a sharp Knife through his upper Lip, between his Nostrils. Into this Hole they put a stick, about half an Inch thick, and a Foot and a Half long, with a Hook at Top to prevent its falling through. By this hook'd Stick they break him to Obedience and Good Behaviour: For if he refuses to be govern'd, or to carry the Burthens they lay upon him, they fix his Nose by this hook'd Stick to the Ground; and there hold it till he comes to a better Temper." (p. 180-81), Page from Peter Kolb's The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope (London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the west end of St. Paul's, MDCCXXXVIII [1738]), vol. 1, p. 174., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1738]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Kolb 532.O v 1 p 174, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2918
The kraals and hutts of the Hottentots ; The Hottentot skinner. [graphic].
Title
The kraals and hutts of the Hottentots ; The Hottentot skinner
Description
Top engraving accompanies Chapter XVIII, "Of the Kraals, or Villages, of the Hottentots; their Huts and Hut-Furniture." It shows a Khoikhoin kraal, or village, in the background. As Kolb wrote, "I have seen Hundreds of Kraals, and never saw one that consisted of less than Twenty Huts. There are many so large that the Huts are not easily counted: And it is, in the Eye of a Hottentot, a very contemptible Kraal that contains not more than a Hundred Souls. The Generality of the Kraals contain each from Three Hundred to Four Hundred Souls. Some contain about Five Hundred. On the Area of a Kraal they can and do sometimes lodge several Thousands of Small Cattle." (p. 218) The foreground of the engraving features two oval-shaped Khoikhoin huts, one only partially built. According to Kolb, these huts usually ranged from ten to fourteen feet in diameter. They were built with flexible wooden sticks, which were then covered with animal skins. As Kolb explained, the top of the hut was rarely "so high that a man could stand under it erect." (p. 221) Bottom engraving shows a Khoikhoin skinner, and accompanies Chapter XIX, "Of Certain Handy-Crafts the Hottentots exercise among themselves." Referring to the engraving, Kolb wrote: "I shall now let the Reader into the Art and Mystery of a Hottentot Skinner. He takes a Sheep Skin, fresh and reeking from the Back of the Sheep, and rubs into it as much Fat as he can. At this Work he takes Abundance of Pains; and the Effect is, that the Skin is thereby render'd tough and smooth, and the Wool or Hair is secur'd from Falling off. This is All he does if he dresses a Sheep-Skin for an European: And he does the same, and no more, if he dresses the Skin of a Wild Beast for him. And, whatever the Reader may think of the Matter, a Skin dress'd in this Manner by a Hottentot is a very curious Piece of Work." (p. 232), Page from Peter Kolb's The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope (London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the west end of St. Paul's, MDCCXXXVIII [1738]), vol. 1, p. 218., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1738]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Kolb 532.O v 1 p 218, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2919
The Hottentots butcher ; The Hottentot mat-maker, potter & c. [graphic].
Title
The Hottentots butcher ; The Hottentot mat-maker, potter & c
Description
Engravings accompany Chapter XIX, "Of certain Handy-Crafts the Hottentots exercise among themselves." In the foreground of the top image, two pairs of Hottentot [i.e. Khoikhoin] men work separately to butcher two oxen. In the left background, two other men butcher a sheep. A fourth pair boils water in cauldrons; and two others (right) hold the entrails of another animal. The bottom image shows several Hottentot mat-makers and a potter, all of whom appear to be women. (As Kolb wrote, the mat-makers "are, for the most Part, women: And they are very expert in their Business." [p. 236]) In the engraving, the mat-makers are involved in various stages of production: one background figure cuts the reeds out of which the mats will be woven; another woman carries the reeds, and yet another (slightly left of center) lays them on the ground to dry. The woman sitting on the partially finished mat is most likely weaving. In the foreground, a mat-maker strips reeds, while a potter makes a bowl. Several small pots are shown on the ground., Page from Peter Kolb's The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope (London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the west end of St. Paul's, MDCCXXXVIII [1738]), vol. 1, p. 226., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1738]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Kolb 532.O v 1 p 226, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2920
Women and social class; the Gold Coast [graphic] / Chedel, sc.
Title
Women and social class; the Gold Coast
Description
The engraving is included in Chapter III, "Negres du Royaume de Juida. Leur figure, leur habillement, leur caractere & leur nourriture." It shows, from left to right, an upper-class woman (Fig. 1), a female slave (Fig. 3), and two female servants (Fig. 2). They are dressed according to class: the upper-class woman wears a fringed dress and a comparatively elegent headdress; the servants wear simpler robes and head coverings; the slave wears a tunic around her waist, which leaves her breasts exposed, and her head is uncovered., Illustration in Histoire générale des voyages: ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre . . . (A Paris: Chez Didot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, à la Bible d'or, M.DCC.XLIX, [1749]), vol. 14, p. 316., The key above the image reads: 1. Femmes de qualité, 2. Femmes de commun, 3. Esclaves., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Chedel, engraver
Date
[1749]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1749 Prev 66187.D v 14 p 316, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2673
Maison de Sierra Leona [graphic].
Title
Maison de Sierra Leona
Description
The engraving is included in Chapter IV, "Voyage du Capitaine William Keeling, à Bantam & à Banda, en 1607. As the title suggests, the image shows a house in Sierra Leone, specifically that of Captain Thomas. His house consists of two round huts with thatched, conical roofs. They are joined together by a third hut, which has no roof. The scene also includes an idol (identified as "Idole du Païs"), which is protected by a small, conical cover. A man prays on the ground in front of it. In the foreground, two Africans smoke long pipes. A spear rests beside one of them., Illustration in Histoire générale des voyages: ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre . . . (A Paris: Chez Didot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, à la Bible d'or, M.DCC.XLIX, [1749]), vol. 4, p. 48., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date
[1749]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1749 Prev 66187.D v 4 p 48, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2670
Negres de Kachao et de Bissao qui preparent le Manioc [graphic] / C.N. Cochin, del. ; F.A. Ardiné, sculp.
Title
Negres de Kachao et de Bissao qui preparent le Manioc
Description
The engraving is included in Chapter VIII, "Voyage du fieur Brue, d'Albreda à Kachao." It shows some inhabitants of Kachao (a Portuguese town) and Bissao (now Bissao) preparing manioc root (cassava, yucca). Standing closest to the right, Figure 1 scrapes the manioc root. Sitting at the left, another figure grates it into flour. Behind him and to the right, Figure 3 sifts the manioc flour. According to the key, Figure 4 (the standing figure?) presses the flour into bags, while Figure 5 (center) prepares cassava bread., Illustration in Histoire générale des voyages: ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre . . . (A Paris: Chez Didot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, à la Bible d'or, M.DCC.XLIX, [1749]), vol. 8, p. 198., The key above the image reads: 1. Negre qui ratisse la racine, 2. Negre qui la rape, 3. Negre qui la Sasse, 4. Pressoir pour la farine en Sacs, 5. Negre qui cuit la pâte., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator
Ardiné, F. A., engraver
Date
[1749]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1749 Prev 66187.D v 8 p 198, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2672
Exorcismus der täuflinge unter den Negern [graphic].
Title
Exorcismus der täuflinge unter den Negern
Description
Depiction of an exorcism performed on a group of black baptismal candidates under the authority of the Moravian Church. According to the caption underneath the engraving, the figure marked "A" is the pastor who performs the ritual; those marked "B" are the deacons who assist him. The three figures marked "C" are black men who will be exorcised. With their hands folded in prayer, the candidates kneel around the pastor and the two deacons. The pastor and each of his deacons places a hand upon one of the candidates' heads; the two others wait. Behind them, the four figures marked "D" are black women who will be exorcised. Those marked "E" are identified as members of the black parish., Fold-out plate at the back of David Cranz's Kurze, zuverlässige Nachricht von der, unter dem Namen der Böhmisch-Mährischen Brüder bekanten Kirche Unitas Fratrum (Halle: s.n., 1757), plate NIV., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from Slave Life.
Date
[1757]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1757 Cran 72764.O plate NIV, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2674
[Getaufte Neger] [graphic].
Title
[Getaufte Neger]
Description
Episode follows the baptism of several blacks under the authority of the Moravian Church. Three men, presumably the pastor and two deacons, stand to the far right. The baptismal font, a large barrel, rests on the floor in front of them. According to the caption, the image depicts newly baptized blacks who, after praying and prostrating themselves, are helped to their feet and kissed by other members of the community. Two groups of parishoners -- one consisting entirely of men, the other of women -- watch from the left., Fold-out plate at the back of David Cranz's Kurze, zuverlässige Nachricht von der, unter dem Namen der Böhmisch-Mährischen Brüder bekanten Kirche Unitas Fratrum (Halle: s.n., 1757), plate NVII., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from Slave Life.
Date
[1757]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1757 Cran 72764.O plate NVII, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2675
Oeconomie rustique, culture et arsonnage du coton [graphic] / Prevost sculp.
Title
Oeconomie rustique, culture et arsonnage du coton
Description
Engraving shows a cotton plantation in the West Indies. The plantation is situated near the coast, and three ships (presumably trading vessels) are visible in the background. In the right foreground, a slave picks cotton from a plant and places it in a basket. Behind him, another slave carefully cleans the picked cotton. At the far left, a female slave operates an early cotton gin, and two men pack large sacks of finished cotton. Two full sacks of cotton occupy the left foreground; one bears the label "7 No. 120 / P.R.M.", Upper portion of an engraving published in the first volume of Denis Diderot's Encyclopedie, ou, Dictionnaire Raisonne des Sciences, des Arts et des Metiers (A Paris: Chez Briasson, rue Saint Jacques, à la Science; chez David, rue & vis-à-vis la Grille des Mathurins; chez Le Breton, imprimeur ordinaire du Roy, rue de la Harpe; chez Durand, rue du Roin, vis-à-vis la petite Porte des Mathurins, 1762), n.p., Prevost's engraving reappeared as a lithograph in the Report on the Agriculture and Geology of Mississippi (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo, and Co. for E. Barksdale, State Printer, 1854), plate VIII, p. 140., Key to the illustration is printed at the beginning of Diderot's text (p. 9) It reads as follows: "Fig. I. Une habitation des Isles de l'Amérique où l'on cultive le coton. No. 1, cotonier dans toute sa grandeur, arbuste portant le coton. 2, negre qui cueille le coton. 3, negre qui épulche le coton. 4, négresse qui passe le coton au moulin, pour en separer la graine. 5, negre qui emballe le coton en le foulant des piés, & se servant d'une pince de fer pour le même effet. 6, autre negre qui de tems en tems mouille la balle extérieurement en jettant de l'eau avec les mains pour faire resserrer la toile qui hape mieux le coton & l'empêche de gonsler & de remonter vers l'orifice de la balle. 7, balles de coton prêtes à être livrées à l'achteur. 8, petits bâtimens caboteurs qui viennent charger du coton sur la côte. 9, partie d'une plantation de cotoniers. 10, case à coton, & engard sous lequel se rangent les négresses qui passent le coton au moulin.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Creator
Prevost, engraver
Date
[1762]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Is Dide Log 1998.F n.p., https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2845

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