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Title: John Bull's monarchy a refuge from Brother Jonathan's slavery
Description: Image criticizes a resolution adopted in the U.S. House of Representatives on May 10, 1828, which called for the President to initiate an agreement with the British Government whereby fugitive slaves taking refuge in Canada would be surrended to their masters, given proof of ownership., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 9., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 9, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2761

Title: Colored scholars excluded from schools
Description: Standing on the front steps of a school building, a schoolmaster prevents a free black woman and her two children from entering. A line of white children, however, enter the school without incident., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 13., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 13, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2762

Title: Colored schools broken up, in the free states
Description: Depicts an attack on a school established by Prudence Crandall in Caterbury, Connecticut that was destroyed by a white mob in September 1834. Image shows a mob of whites raiding, torching, and throwing cobblestones at a building whose sign reads "School for colored girls." At the left, two young girls exit the side door of the school., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 15., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 15, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2763

Title: A Northern freeman enslaved by Northern hands
Description: Image depicts an incident that occurred in the North (presumably, New York) in November, 1836. Peter John Lee, a free black man from Westchester, New York, was kidnapped by Tobias Boudinot, E.K. Waddy, John Lyon, and Daniel D. Nash, all of New York City, who gagged and chained him, and then hurried him away from his wife and children into slavery., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 19., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 19, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2764

Title: Emancipated slaves can take care of themselves
Description: At the left, the illustration depicts a free black man, or a "paid" laborer. He works vigorously with a hoe, and is dressed in a suit and top hat. At the right, a slave, or an "unpaid" laborer, is shown. He also works with a hoe, but unlike his counterpart, he is barely dressed, and looks weak and despondent., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 21., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 21, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2765

Title: Southern arguments to stop the mouths of Northern guests
Description: According to the caption, this domestic interior shows a Northern man who moved to the South and married into a slave-owning family. Seated at a lavish table, the man and his family enjoy the fruits of slave labor. Through the left-hand window, a slave is being whipped by an overseer. A few other slaves can be seen through the window on the right., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 23., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 23, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2766

Title: "Nuisances" going as "missionaries," "with their own consent"
Description: Illustration shows a group of free blacks being forcibly deported to Liberia. Standing in line, these Northern blacks wait to board the ship. A man who tries to flee is being chased by the authorities., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 29., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 29, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2767

Title: An emancipated family
Description: Domestic scene showing the household of an emancipated black family. In the center of the scene, a woman stands with her infant child. She is flanked by her young son, who stands to the left, and by her husband and a third child, who are seen at the right. Seated on a low stool, the husband reads from a book, presumably the Bible. Some work gear and instruments hang on the wall: a basket, a straw hat, and two hoes. Another family can be seen through an open doorway, and a church is visible in the distant background., Cover page of the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1836 (Boston: Published by Webster & Southard, c1835)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [c1835]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1835 Am Ant 65753.D cover page, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2741

Title: Town & plantation of the Fulahs
Description: Engraving shows an aerial view of a Fulah town and plantation. According to the text, villages of the Fulahs differed in their arrangement from those of other West African nations: "Their streets are broad and regular, and their houses, though only of clay, and roofed with straw, are always kept very clean and neat by the women. These villages are surrounded by lofty palisades, within which they grow the cotton that they manufacture themselves into cloth. On the outside of these enclosures are, on the one hand, the plantations of maize, and other kinds of grain; and on the other, the cattle, driven from the rich pastures where they graze in the day, are penned, for security, during the night. In the centre of this space stands a watch house, which enables their keepers the more easily to perceive the approach of robbers, or rapacious beasts. The whole is encompassed by a thick fence of strong thorny shrubs, through which there are two entrances, closed with posts and cross-bars, instead of gates. . . . No where do we meet with any building or monument designed to transmit the memory of any remarkable person or event to posterity." (p. 104-106), Fold-out plate in Africa: Containing a Description of the Manners and Customs, with Some Historical Particulars of the Moors of the Zahara and of the Negro Nations between the Rivers Senegal and Gambia (London: Printed for R. Ackermann, 101, Strand, and to be had of all booksellers), vol. 3, p. 104., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1821]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Gen Shob 92251.D v 3 p 104, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2953

Title: [African climbing palm tree]
Description: Included in Chapter III, the engraving accompanies Winterbottom's discussion of the uses of the palm tree in Sierra Leone. Using an elliptical hoop, a man climbs a palm tree to procure wine. On the ground, another man points at him, and a mother walks with two small children. "To procure the palm wine," Winterbottom explained, "requires no small degree of agility and address." Describing this process in detail, he wrote, "As the trunk of the tree is too rough to allow the hands and knees to be applied in climbing to its summit, the natives use a kind of hoop of an elliptical form, made of bamboo, and open at one side. The person about to ascend, first passes the hoop round the stem of the tree, including himself also, he then fastens the hoop by twisting its two ends into a kind of knot. The hands are applied to the sides of the hoop, while the feet are firmly pressed against the tree, and the lower part of the back supported by the opposite end of the hoop. In order to advance, the person thus prepared draws his body a little forwards, keeping his feet steady, and at the same moment slips the hoop a little higher up the tree, after which he advances a step or two with his feet. In this manner he alternately raises the hoop and his feet, and thus advancing, he gains at length the upper part of the stem, just below where the branches are thrown off. Here, at the height of 50 or 60 feet, with no other support than the pressure of his feet against the tree, and of his back against the hoop, he sits with perfect composure. In a small bag hung round his neck or arm he carries an anger to bore the tree, and a gourd or calibash to receive the wine. A hole is bored, about half an inch deep, below the crown of the tree, and into this is inserted a leaf rolled up like a funnel, the other end of it being put into the mouth of a calibash capable of containing several quarts, which is filled in the course of a single night. . . . When the palm wine has been drawn off, the hole is carefully filled up with mud, to prevent insects from depositing their eggs in it, the larvae of which would destroy the tree." (p. 61-62), Plate in Thomas Winterbottom's An Account of the Native Africans in the Neighborhood of Sierra Leone; to which is Added, an Account of the Present State of Medicine Among Them (London: Printed by C. Whittingham, Dean Street; and sold by John Hatchard, 199, Piccadilly, and J. Mawman, Poultry, 1803), vol. 1, p. 60., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography
Date: 1803
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afr Winte 3027.O v 1 p 60, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2937

Title: Vue de la montagne de Cabende, prise au nord, et Enterrement du mafoue, Andris Poucouta, macaye
Description: The engraving shows the funeral of a well-known man who died during Grandpré's stay in the area. The image is accompanied by Grandpré's description of the event, an approximate translation of which reads as follows: "The engraving show will give a precise idea of these funerals. The coffin that carried him was at least 20 feet long by 14 feet high and 8 feet thick. It was surmouted by a small head which represented the dead man. They took a year to bury and mourn him . . . Such was its weight that no one would have been able to take him to his tomb, over one league from his house. Over 500 boys were on these ropes at a time; everything brok several times and it was an incredibe task to take him to his interment spot. The wheels, of one single piece of wood, got stuck in the ground, so they had to use something for a path. It didn't move without difficulty, and the axles broke often." (p. 152-53), Fold-out plate in L. de Grandpré's Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique: fait les années 1786 et 1787; contenant la description des moeurs, usages, lois, gouvernement et commerce des États du Congo, fréquentés par les Européens, et un précis de la traite des Noirs, ainsi qu'elle avait lieu avant la Révolution française; suivi d'un voyage fait au cap de Bonne-Espérance, contenant la description militaire de cette colonie (Paris: Dentu, imprimeur-libraire, Palais du Tribunat, galeries des bois, no. 240, an IX --., 1801), vol. 1, p. 152., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Michel, engraver
Date: [1801]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Gran 10198.D v 1 p 152, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2911

Title: Vue de la montagne de Cabende prise au midi, et deuil du masouc, Andris Poucouta, macaye
Description: The engraving shows the funeral of a well-known man who died during Grandpré's stay in the area. The image is accompanied by Grandpré's description of the event, an approximate translation of which reads as follows: "The black Congolese bury their dead, but mourn them a long time before burying them; since the funeral is the day the mourning period comes to an end, it is consecrated to rejoicing. Therefore, the burial of a Congolese man is not a somber affair, and everyone rejoices . . . .The dead man is placed on a bed of honor, and placed in the middle of a large courtyard, under a tent which contains his finest objects . . . ." (p. 141-44), Fold-out plate in L. de Grandpré's Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique: fait les années 1786 et 1787; contenant la description des moeurs, usages, lois, gouvernement et commerce des États du Congo, fréquentés par les Européens, et un précis de la traite des Noirs, ainsi qu'elle avait lieu avant la Révolution française; suivi d'un voyage fait au cap de Bonne-Espérance, contenant la description militaire de cette colonie (Paris: Dentu, imprimeur-libraire, Palais du Tribunat, galeries des bois, no. 240, an IX --., 1801), vol. 1, p. 142., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Michel, engraver
Date: [1801]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Gran 10198.D v 1 p 142, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2910

Title: Princesse née de Malembe
Description: Portrait image of a Malembe princess. The image is accompanied by a description of Malembe women's dress, an approximate translation of which reads as follows: "The dress of the women is less grand; they do not wear bonnets . . . and their drawers never touch the ground, but they cover themselves with a great quantities of . . . glass beads whose color differs from those worn by Europeans. . . . They cover their neck with a small scarf, as seen in the engraving, and like the men, they are very fond of coral red." (p. 74-75), Fold-out plate in L. de Grandpré's Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique: fait les années 1786 et 1787; contenant la description des moeurs, usages, lois, gouvernement et commerce des États du Congo, fréquentés par les Européens, et un précis de la traite des Noirs, ainsi qu'elle avait lieu avant la Révolution française; suivi d'un voyage fait au cap de Bonne-Espérance, contenant la description militaire de cette colonie (Paris: Dentu, imprimeur-libraire, Palais du Tribunat, galeries des bois, no. 240, an IX --., 1801), vol. 1, p. 74., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Godfroi, engraver
Date: [1801]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Gran 10198.D v 1 p 74, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2909

Title: Captain in his war dress
Description: Arriving in Coomassie, Bowdich and his party encountered an enormous crowd -- "upwards of 5000 people," most of whom were warriors. Amidst smoke, martial music, and a "confusion of flags," the military captains performed a dance. "The dress of the captains," Bowdich explained, "was a war cap, with gilded ram horns projecting in front, the sides extended beyond all proportion by immense plumes of eagles feathers, and fastened under the chin with bands of cowries. Their vest was of red cloth, covered with fetishes and saphies (scraps of Moorish writing, as charms against evil) in gold and silver; and embroidered cases of almost every colour, which flapped against their bodies as they moved, intermixed with small brass bells, the horns and tails of animals, shells, and knives; long leopards tails hung down their backs, over a small bow covered with fetishes. They wore loose cotton trowsers, with immense boots of a dull red leather, coming half way up the thigh, and fastened by small chains to their cartouch or waist belt; these were also ornamented with bells, horses tails, strings of amulets, and innumerable shreds of leather; a small quiver of poisoned arrows hung from their right wrist, and they held a long iron chain between their teeth, with a scrap of Moorish writing affixed to the end of it. A small spear was in their left hands, covered with red cloth and silk tassels; their black countenances heightened the effect of this attire, and completed a figure scarcely human." (p. 32), Plate in T. Edward Bowdich's Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee: with a Statistical Account of that Kingdom, and Geographical Notices of Other Parts of the Interior of Africa (London: J. Murray, Albemarle-Street: printed by W. Pulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1819), p. 32., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: Dec. 2, 1818
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Bowd 12983.Q p 32, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2893

Title: Odumata's sleeping room ; Inner square of Apookoos house
Description: Plates are included in Chapter VI, "Architecture, Arts, and Manufactures." Top plate shows the sleeping room of Odumata, an old Ashanti aristocrat. Bowdich described the room as being "one side of an oblong area in a very retired angle of his house, about 25 feet by 8." As he continued,"The cloth suspended to the left of the door on the top of the steps, hides the bloody stools which are in the recess. The small gallery in front of the upper room is only wide enough for one person to walk in. The recess and small room below accommodate confidential slaves. The bed room was very small, about 8 feet square, but being hung round with a variety of gold and silver ornaments, had a very rich appearance. The bed is generally about 5 feet high, and composed entirely of large silk-cotton pillows piled one above another. The King of Gaman, we were assured, had steps of solid gold to ascend to his bed. A man wearing a crier's cap, is playing the sanko." (p. 307) As the title suggests, the bottom plate shows the inner square of Apokoo's house. (Apokoo was the keeper of the Ashanti royal treasury.) Describing the image, Bowdich wrote, "No. 6, is a perspective view of the entrance area to Apokoo's house; the fourth side is an open fronted building like those on the right and left for attendants to wait in, and for the hearing of palavers. The opposite closed side is a bed room. The figure is playing the bentwa." (p. 307), Two plates in T. Edward Bowdich's Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee: with a statistical account of that kingdom, and geographical notices of other parts of the interior of Africa (London: J. Murray, Albemarle-Street: printed by W. Pulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1819), p. 306., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: Dec. 2, 1818
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Bowd 12983.Q p 306, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2895

Title: Part of a piazza in the palace [No. 7] ; Part of a piazza in the palace [No. 8]
Description: Plates included in Chapter VI, "Architecture, Arts, and Manufactures." As the title suggests, the top image shows part of a piazza in the palace of the King of Gaman. (The Gaman peoples live in modern Ghana.) "No. 7," Bowdich explained, "is a part of a piazza, which lines the interior of the wall secluding the palace from the street. The piazza is 200 yards long and inhabited by captains and other attendants on the King; above is a small gallery. Piles of skulls, and drums ornamented with them, are frequent in this piazza. The figure is a common soldier of the Ashantee, his belt ornamented with red shells, and stuck full of knives." The bottom image is another piazza view. "No. 8, is the upper end of the piazza, which is more ornamented, and appropriated to the superior captains, who have each a suite of rooms, marked by the small doors under the piazza. A woman is dancing whilst a man plays the flute and rattle.", Two plates in T. Edward Bowdich's Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee: with a Statistical Account of that Kingdom, and Geographical Notices of Other Parts of the Interior of Africa (London: J. Murray, Albemarle-Street: printed by W. Pulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1819), p. 308., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: Dec. 2, 1818
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Bowd 12983.Q p 308, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2896

Title: Part of Adoom street [No. 9]
Description: As the title suggests, the plate shows part of Adoom-street in Gaman (now part of Ghana). In the accompanying text, Bowdich wrote, "No. 9, is a view of part of Adoom-street: each open front denotes the residence of a captain, being used for talking palavers, receiving strangers, observing or superintending customs, and evening recreation The dwelling is entered by the small door at the side, which generally leads through a narrow passage or court to a large area like No. 6, and thence by various intricate ways to smaller and more retired areas like No 4. and No. 5. A fetish woman has just quitted the centre house; she has on a white cloth, and various pieces of rich silk are hanging round her girdle, her breasts are confined with a scarf, a fillet encircles her head, in each hand she waves a horse's tail, and she continues yelling and swinging round and round until she is quite stupified. A weaver and loom are on her right, and a market woman under her shed on the left.", Fold-out plate in T. Edward Bowdich's Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee: with a Statistical Account of that Kingdom, and Geographical Notices of Other Parts of the Interior of Africa (London: J. Murray, Albemarle-Street: printed by W. Pulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1819), p. 308., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: Dec. 2, 1818
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Bowd 12983.Q p 308, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A3141

Title: The first day of the yam custom
Description: Depicts the annual yam festival, a large public ceremony held at the beginning of the yam harvest in September. It includes a vast and diverse array of figures: the King, his warriors, dancers, musicians, officers of the foreign mission, Moors, and various onlookers. Toward the center of the scene, the King sits underneath the state umbrella, which is bright red, topped by a golden elephant, and flanked by the flags of Great Britain, Holland, and Denmark. The children of the nobility sit at the King's feet, waving elephant tails. A procession of dancers approaches the King; those at the front beat skulls decorated with thyme. Farther to the left, a bloody prisoner is being led by two of the King's messengers. In the background, Odumata, an aged aristocrat, is being carried in the state hammock. At the extreme left, a group of captains dance in a circle, firing their guns. At the far right, a group of Moors watch the festivities. Closer to the center, officers of the mission can be seen. Their linguists sit in front of them; their soldiers and servants stand behind them., Fold-out plate in T. Edward Bowdich's Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee: with a Statistical Account of that Kingdom, and Geographical Notices of Other Parts of the Interior of Africa (London: J. Murray, Albemarle-Street: printed by W. Pulmer and Co., Cleveland-Row, St. James's, 1819), p. 274., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: R. Havell & Son, engraver
Date: Dec. 2, 1818
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Bowd 12983.Q p 274, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2894

Title: Harvest in Wanyamézi
Description: Illustration included in Chapter V, "Unyamuezi." Unyamuezi [i.e., Unyamwezi] was one of the largest kingdoms in East Africa; its people are called Wanyamezi. As the title suggests, the engraving shows a Wanyamezi harvest in 1861. Corn, which grew abundantly on the richly cultivated land, is shown at the top. In the center, four men thrash the corn with long-handled paddles. At the bottom, women are shown cutting, separating, and grinding the corn., Illustration in John Hanning Speke's Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1864), p. 129., According to a note on the title-page, the book's illustrations are "chiefly from drawings by Captain Grant.", Caption reads: "1, 2, 3, 4. Grain. Maize, etc., stacked for the season. 5. Men with long rackets thrashing Kafir corn (sorghum). 6. Woman in the field cutting "sorghum" with a knife, and depositing it in a basket. 7. Women separating the corn from the chaff by means of a wooden pestle and mortar. 8. Woman grinding corn upon a single slab of stone.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Date: [1864]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1864 Speke 15863.O p 129, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2810

Title: Von den Innwohnern des Königreichs Loango, auch von den Anziguern, auss dem V. Capitel dess ersten Buchs
Description: Engraving is set in the Kingdom of Loango. On the left, a man belonging to the peoples formerly called the Bramas defends himself against a member of the Antique nation, a people known for their cannibalism. On the right, another member of the Antique nation chops up a decapitated corpse. Human limbs and various body parts hang from a structure in the background., Plate 12 in Duarte Lopes's Regnum Congo hoc est: warhaffte vnd eigentliche Beschreibung dess Königreichs Congo in Africa vnd deren angrentzenden Länder darinnen der inwohner Glaub Leben Sitten vnd Klendung wol vnd aussführlich vermeldet vnd angezeigt wirdt (Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn: durch Matthias Becker in Verlegung Hans Dietherich vnd Hans Israel von Bry, im Jahr M.D.C.IX. [1609]), n.p., Caption reads: "Dieses Völcklein dess Königreichs Loango, so vor zeiten Bramas genennet waren / vergleichen sich fast in allem mit den aus Congo, so ihre Nachbawren sennd / allein sie haben für ihre Rüstung nichts als lange Schilde / welche fast den ganzen Menschen bedecken / unnd in der andern Handt ein langen Pfeil mit einem langen breiten Ensen / fast wie ein Knöbelspiess / in der mitte hat has Gehölz einen runden Knopff / damit sie ihn fassen: Tragen auch Dolche welche sennd fast wie die Ensen an gemelten Spiessen. Aber diesem Königreich Loango, wohnen die Völcker Anzigues, so da in Menschenfresseren all andere wilde Nationen ubertreffen / dann sie ihre Merzigen von Menschenfleisch so gemein under ihnen haben / als wir hie aussen von allerlen Viehe / und das nicht von ihren Feinden / wie andere Indianer / sondern von ihren eigenen Freunden und Gesinde / wie in der Historien weitter zu lesen ist. Ihre Wehren sennd kleine Bögen und Pfeil / auch haben sie Arte mit kleinen Stielen / wie in dieser Figur zu sehen / mit welchen sie alle Schüsse des Pfeils mit einer grossen behendigkeit abzuwenden wissen / umb den Leib sennd sie umbgürtet mit breitten Ledern Riemen / drener Finger brent / von dicker Elendshaut / u. Sonsten sennd sie in allen den abgemeldten gleich.", The above can be translated approximately as follows: "These people of the Kingdom of Loango, formerly called the Bramas / resemble in almost all respects the people of the Congo, their neighbors / for arms, they have nothing more than a large shield / which almost covers them entirely / and in the other hand they have a long shaft with a long, pointed tip / almost like a spear / in the middle of the wooden shaft is round knob / so that it can be held: [They] also wear a dagger, whose tip is almost like that of the shaft. But in the Kindgom of Loango also live the Antiques, who surpass all other primitive nations in their cannibalism / . . . . /, for they eat not only their enemies, but also their friends and servants / as can be further read about in stories. Their weapons are bows and arrows / and also another sort / as can be seen in this engraving / which they use with great agility to protect themselves from arrows / around their waists they wear wide leather straps / their finger burns / from thick "Elendshaut" (difficult to translate -- "Elend" means suffering or misery, and "Haut" means skin), / and otherwise they resemble in all respects those described above.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1609]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Sev Lope 1212.F plate 12, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2888

Title: Von denen so Biagas genannt werden, im IX. Capitels des andern Buchs
Description: Foreground shows three men belonging to the Biaga nation. Two sleep behind their shields; the third stands with his shield, dagger, club, and arrow. In the background, Biagas use thier shields to protect themselves from their enemies' arrows., Plate 13 in Duarte Lopes's Regnum Congo hoc est: warhaffte vnd eigentliche Beschreibung dess Königreichs Congo in Africa vnd deren angrentzenden Länder darinnen der inwohner Glaub Leben Sitten vnd Klendung wol vnd aussführlich vermeldet vnd angezeigt wirdt (Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn: durch Matthias Becker in Verlegung Hans Dietherich vnd Hans Israel von Bry, im Jahr M.D.C.IX. [1609]), n.p., Caption reads: "Diese Völcker wohnen umb den ersten See dess Fluss Nili / ist ein unbarmherzig / Mörderisch und räubersiches Völck / grosser länge und statur / eines abscheulichen Anblicks / schwarzer Farb. Ihre Waffen / sind Kolben / Pfeil / Dolchen / Spiess und grosse Schilde / hinter welchen sie sich auch lägern / oder sich mit bedecken für den Schoss dess Pfeils / sie gehen gar nackend / fressen auch Menschenfleisch / die Backen und Leffzen haben sie auffgeschlizt / wenden das weisse an den Augen heraus / und stellen sich auss das ungeherst so ihnen möglich ist / ihre Feinde damit zu erschröcken / wie in der Historien weitläusstig zu sehen.", Caption can be translated approximately as follows: "These people [i.e., the Biagas] live near the first lake of the Nile / they are an unmerciful / murderous and rapacious people / of great height and stature / intimidating appearance / and black color. Their weapons / are clubs / arrows / daggers / spears and large shields / under which they sleep / or with which they protect themselves from arrows / they wear nothing / are also cannibals / they cut out the cheeks and lips / they take they whites' eyes out / and act monstrously to frighten their enemies / as can be read about futher in the accounts.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1609]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Sev Lope 1212.F plate 13, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2889

Title: Maisons des Negres du Cap Mezurado
Description: Accompanying chapter sixteen, "Du Cap Mesurado. Sa Description," the engraving shows a small African settlement at Cape Mesurade (in modern Liberia). The buildings include a kitchen (left), a residence, and a small hut fashioned out of red clay. A public square and a meeting-place occupy the space immediately outside the settlement's walls., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Labat's Voyage du chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, isles voisines, et a Cayenne, Fait en 1725, 1726, & 1727 (A Amsterdam: aux dépens de la Compaigne, M.DCC.XXXI [1731], vol. 1, p. 104., Key underneath the engraving reads as follows: A. Cazes des Negres du Cap de Mezurade reuetues de terre Rouge. B. Cuisine. C. Caze a mil et Rise maçonée de terre Rouge. D. Caldé ou les Negres s'assemblent pour leur Negoce et Causer pendant le jour. E. Cour. F. Place publique., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Putter, K. De, engraver
Date: 1731
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1731 Lab 1691.D v 1 p 104, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2668

Title: Procession au grand serpent pour le Couronnement du Roy de Juda fait le 15 April 1725
Description: Large aerial depiction of the procession of the grand serpent for the coronation of the King of Juda (French Guiana). While the King does not appear himself, notable figures include the master of ceremonies (Fig. T, in the middle of the image, slightly left of center), the King's mother (Fig. 4, to the right of the palm tree in the central foreground), and the grand sacrificer (Fig. 7, below the King's mother). Several troops of musketeers, numerous bands of trumpeters, flutists, and drummers, and many of the King's wives are included in the engraving as well. Two groups of women (Fig. L and Fig. R) carry offerings for the grand serpent, whose mosque appears in the upper left-hand corner (Fig. D)., Fold-out plate in Jean Baptiste Labat's Voyage du chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, isles voisines, et a Cayenne, Fait en 1725, 1726, & 1727 (A Amsterdam: aux dépens de la Compaigne, M.DCC.XXXI [1731], vol. 2, p. 154., The key underneath the image reads as follows: A. Rade des Vaisseaux; B. Tentes des Vaisseaux sur le bord de la Coste; D. Mosquée du Grand Serpent; E. Le peuple assis; F. Six chasse Cocquins avec leurs Baguettes; G. 40 Mosquetaires; H. 20 Trompettes; I. 20 Tambouers; K. 20 Flutes; L. 12 Femmes du Roy Portant des presens au Serpent; M. Premier Valet de Chambre du Roy; N. 20 Trompettes; O. 40 Mosquetaires; P. 20 Tambours; Q. 20 Flutes; R. 12 Femmes du Roy Portans des Viures pour le Serpent; S. 3 Nains du Roy; T. Maitre des Ceremonies; V. 40 Mosquetaires; X. 20 Tambours; Y. 20 Trompettes; Z. 20 Flutes; 1. 12 Femmes du Roy Portant les presens de sa mere; 2. Trois Valets Portant la Chaise de la Mere du Roy; 3. Trois Nains du Roy; 4. La Mere du Roy; 5. 3 Dames du Palais; 6. Musique du Serail par les Femmes; 7. Grand Sacrifficateur; 8. 40 Mosquetaires., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Putter, K. De, engraver
Date: [1731]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1731 Lab 1691.D v 2 p 154, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2965

Title: Representation of the court of select audience -- Costume, and the ceremony of swearing fidelity to the British government
Description: Egraving depicts an event described in Chapter III, "Commencement of Negotiations," (p. 89-91). As the British envoy to Ashantee [i.e., Ashanti], Depuis participated in a ceremony in which the King of Ashantee, his principal officers, and chiefs took an "oath of friendship and alliance" to the British government. The ceremony took place in the royal palace, and Depuis is seated at the left. Standing next to him with a raised scimiter, the Ashantee King delivers "an energizing speech." (p. 89), Frontispiece for Joseph Dupuis's Journal of a Residence in Ashantee (London: Printed for Henry Colburn, New Burlington Street: Shackell and Arrowsmith, Johnson's-Court, Fleet-Street, 1824)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Williams, C., engraver
Date: [1824]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Dupui 1894.Q frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2902

Title: Von den Weibern in Monomotapa, auss dem IX. Capitel dess andern Buchs
Description: In the foreground, a woman from Monomotapa stands with her bow and arrow. Behind her, two other women burn off the left breast of a third woman, so that it does not interfere with her ability to shoot an arrow. In the background, a battle is waged between the Monomotapa women and a group of male warriors., Plate 14 in Duarte Lopes's Regnum Congo hoc est: warhaffte vnd eigentliche Beschreibung dess Königreichs Congo in Africa vnd deren angrentzenden Länder darinnen der inwohner Glaub Leben Sitten vnd Klendung wol vnd aussführlich vermeldet vnd angezeigt wirdt (Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn: durch Matthias Becker in Verlegung Hans Dietherich vnd Hans Israel von Bry, im Jahr M.D.C.IX. [1609]), n.p., Caption reads: "Diese Weiber sennd under dem Kenser Monomotapa / welcher ein mächtiger Kenser ist / unnd viel Könige under sich hat / welche ihm bissweilen viel zu schaffen geben / derhalben er sich allezeit mit einem grossen Heer Kriegsvolck versehen muss / under welchen sennd die besten die Legionen dieser Weiber / welche von Jugend auss zum Krieg abgerichtet sennd / welche auch auss der uralten Amazoer art ire lincke Brust abbrennen / damit sie ihnen am schiessen nicht hindern. Ihre Wehren sennd Bogen und Pfeil / sennd gute und geschwinde Schützen / auch sehr standthafft unnd unversagt. Diese Weiber haben eine eigene Landschafft zubewohnen / so ihnen von irem Kenser eingegeben ist: Doch zu einer gewissen zeit gesellen sie sich zu den Männern / welche sie ihres gefallens ausssuchen: Und so sie etwan einen jungen Knaben geberen / so schicken sie denselben den Männern heym / so sie aber Mägdlein geberen / so behalten sie dieselbigen sich / und richten sie zum Krieg abe.", Portions of the caption can be translated approximately as follows: "These women are under the Kenser [?] Monomotapa / which is a powerful Kenser / to which many kings belong / which up until now has accomplished much / . . . . / . . . . / from their youth, the women are trained for war / and following the ancient tradition of the Amazoer, they burn off their left breast / so that it does not infere with their ability to shoot. Their weapons are bows and arrows / . . . . / . . . . These women have their own area in which to live / so that they are surrounded by their Kenser. But at certain times they also socialize with men / . . . and sometimes a son is born, who is sent back to the men, but when a daughter is born, she is kept and trained for war.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Bry, Hans Dietherich and Hans Israel von, engraver
Date: [1609]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Sev Lope 1212.F plate 14, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2890

Title: Femmes à Kréennes
Description: The engraving features three women from Kréennes and a young boy. Although it serves as the frontispiece, it accompanies letter VIII, "Du Fort de Christiansbourg, sur la Côte de Guinnée, Du 16 Octobre 1785," in which Isert discussed the importance of women's dress and appearance in Kréenes ("cette importante affaire"). As he explained, the women there often spent two hours at their toilette. The results of these efforts can be seen most clearly in the figure on the right: her hair is in a bun, and she wears a gold necklace. (In Kréennes, particular emphasis was placed on the decoration of head.) More strikingly, however, her skin is stamped with shapes, such as the cresent on her forehead and the star on her right forearm. As Isert noted, it was customary for women to soak wooden forms in bright paint and stamp their skin., Frontispiece for Paul E. Isert's Voyages en Guinée et dans les îles Caraïbes en Amérique (A Paris: chez Maradan, libraire, rue du Cimitière Saint André, no. 9, M.DCC.XCIII [1793])., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1793]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1793 Isert 6944.D frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2687

Title: Women and social class; the Gold Coast
Description: The engraving is included in Chapter III, "Negres du Royaume de Juida. Leur figure, leur habillement, leur caractere & leur nourriture." It shows, from left to right, an upper-class woman (Fig. 1), a female slave (Fig. 3), and two female servants (Fig. 2). They are dressed according to class: the upper-class woman wears a fringed dress and a comparatively elegent headdress; the servants wear simpler robes and head coverings; the slave wears a tunic around her waist, which leaves her breasts exposed, and her head is uncovered., Illustration in Histoire générale des voyages: ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre . . . (A Paris: Chez Didot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, à la Bible d'or, M.DCC.XLIX, [1749]), vol. 14, p. 316., The key above the image reads: 1. Femmes de qualité, 2. Femmes de commun, 3. Esclaves., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Chedel, engraver
Date: [1749]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1749 Prev 66187.D v 14 p 316, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2673

Title: Maison de Sierra Leona
Description: The engraving is included in Chapter IV, "Voyage du Capitaine William Keeling, à Bantam & à Banda, en 1607. As the title suggests, the image shows a house in Sierra Leone, specifically that of Captain Thomas. His house consists of two round huts with thatched, conical roofs. They are joined together by a third hut, which has no roof. The scene also includes an idol (identified as "Idole du Païs"), which is protected by a small, conical cover. A man prays on the ground in front of it. In the foreground, two Africans smoke long pipes. A spear rests beside one of them., Illustration in Histoire générale des voyages: ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre . . . (A Paris: Chez Didot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, à la Bible d'or, M.DCC.XLIX, [1749]), vol. 4, p. 48., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1749]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1749 Prev 66187.D v 4 p 48, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2670

Title: Negres de Kachao et de Bissao qui preparent le Manioc
Description: The engraving is included in Chapter VIII, "Voyage du fieur Brue, d'Albreda à Kachao." It shows some inhabitants of Kachao (a Portuguese town) and Bissao (now Bissao) preparing manioc root (cassava, yucca). Standing closest to the right, Figure 1 scrapes the manioc root. Sitting at the left, another figure grates it into flour. Behind him and to the right, Figure 3 sifts the manioc flour. According to the key, Figure 4 (the standing figure?) presses the flour into bags, while Figure 5 (center) prepares cassava bread., Illustration in Histoire générale des voyages: ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre . . . (A Paris: Chez Didot, Libraire, Quai des Augustins, à la Bible d'or, M.DCC.XLIX, [1749]), vol. 8, p. 198., The key above the image reads: 1. Negre qui ratisse la racine, 2. Negre qui la rape, 3. Negre qui la Sasse, 4. Pressoir pour la farine en Sacs, 5. Negre qui cuit la pâte., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Ardiné, F. A., engraver
Date: [1749]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1749 Prev 66187.D v 8 p 198, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2672

Title: After what manner the Hottentots secure their cattle in the night ; The carriage - oxen of the Hottentots
Description: Included in Chapter XV, "Of the Hottentot Management with Regard to their Cattle," the plates describe aspects of animal husbandry, as practiced by the Hottentot [i.e. Khoikoin] peoples. As the title suggests, the top engraving shows the manner in which the Khoikoin secured cattle during the night. The image is described in section XIV, where Kolb wrote, "I shall now shew after what Manner the Hottentots secure their cattle in the Night. The Cots of a Kraal [defined variously as a hut, an entire village, an enclosure, or a corral], as I have said already, are rang'd in a Circle, the Area of which is quite open. There is but one Entrance into a Kraal and that a narrow one. Between Five and Six in the Evening, as I have said too, the Hottentots generally drive their Cattle from Pasture. . . . On the Area of the Kraal they lodge the Calves and all the small Cattle. And round the Kraal, on the Outside, they range the great Cattle, their Heads close up to the Cots. Their Great Cattle, so rang'd, they tie, Two and Two together, by the Feet, to prevent their Struggling." (p. 176) The bottom engraving shows the oxen of the Khoikoin, of which Kolb said the followiing, "The Hottentots have likewise great Numbers of Oxen for Carriage. These too are very strong and stately Creatures, chosen out of the Herds at about the Age of Two Years, by old Men, well skill'd in Cattle. When they have destin'd an Ox to carry Burthens, they take and throw him on his Back on the Ground; and fastening his Head and Feet, as they do those of a Bull when they geld him, they make a Hole with a sharp Knife through his upper Lip, between his Nostrils. Into this Hole they put a stick, about half an Inch thick, and a Foot and a Half long, with a Hook at Top to prevent its falling through. By this hook'd Stick they break him to Obedience and Good Behaviour: For if he refuses to be govern'd, or to carry the Burthens they lay upon him, they fix his Nose by this hook'd Stick to the Ground; and there hold it till he comes to a better Temper." (p. 180-81), Page from Peter Kolb's The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope (London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the west end of St. Paul's, MDCCXXXVIII [1738]), vol. 1, p. 174., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1738]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Kolb 532.O v 1 p 174, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2918

Title: The kraals and hutts of the Hottentots ; The Hottentot skinner
Description: Top engraving accompanies Chapter XVIII, "Of the Kraals, or Villages, of the Hottentots; their Huts and Hut-Furniture." It shows a Khoikhoin kraal, or village, in the background. As Kolb wrote, "I have seen Hundreds of Kraals, and never saw one that consisted of less than Twenty Huts. There are many so large that the Huts are not easily counted: And it is, in the Eye of a Hottentot, a very contemptible Kraal that contains not more than a Hundred Souls. The Generality of the Kraals contain each from Three Hundred to Four Hundred Souls. Some contain about Five Hundred. On the Area of a Kraal they can and do sometimes lodge several Thousands of Small Cattle." (p. 218) The foreground of the engraving features two oval-shaped Khoikhoin huts, one only partially built. According to Kolb, these huts usually ranged from ten to fourteen feet in diameter. They were built with flexible wooden sticks, which were then covered with animal skins. As Kolb explained, the top of the hut was rarely "so high that a man could stand under it erect." (p. 221) Bottom engraving shows a Khoikhoin skinner, and accompanies Chapter XIX, "Of Certain Handy-Crafts the Hottentots exercise among themselves." Referring to the engraving, Kolb wrote: "I shall now let the Reader into the Art and Mystery of a Hottentot Skinner. He takes a Sheep Skin, fresh and reeking from the Back of the Sheep, and rubs into it as much Fat as he can. At this Work he takes Abundance of Pains; and the Effect is, that the Skin is thereby render'd tough and smooth, and the Wool or Hair is secur'd from Falling off. This is All he does if he dresses a Sheep-Skin for an European: And he does the same, and no more, if he dresses the Skin of a Wild Beast for him. And, whatever the Reader may think of the Matter, a Skin dress'd in this Manner by a Hottentot is a very curious Piece of Work." (p. 232), Page from Peter Kolb's The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope (London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the west end of St. Paul's, MDCCXXXVIII [1738]), vol. 1, p. 218., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1738]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Kolb 532.O v 1 p 218, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2919

Title: The Hottentots butcher ; The Hottentot mat-maker, potter & c
Description: Engravings accompany Chapter XIX, "Of certain Handy-Crafts the Hottentots exercise among themselves." In the foreground of the top image, two pairs of Hottentot [i.e. Khoikhoin] men work separately to butcher two oxen. In the left background, two other men butcher a sheep. A fourth pair boils water in cauldrons; and two others (right) hold the entrails of another animal. The bottom image shows several Hottentot mat-makers and a potter, all of whom appear to be women. (As Kolb wrote, the mat-makers "are, for the most Part, women: And they are very expert in their Business." [p. 236]) In the engraving, the mat-makers are involved in various stages of production: one background figure cuts the reeds out of which the mats will be woven; another woman carries the reeds, and yet another (slightly left of center) lays them on the ground to dry. The woman sitting on the partially finished mat is most likely weaving. In the foreground, a mat-maker strips reeds, while a potter makes a bowl. Several small pots are shown on the ground., Page from Peter Kolb's The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope (London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the west end of St. Paul's, MDCCXXXVIII [1738]), vol. 1, p. 226., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1738]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Kolb 532.O v 1 p 226, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2920

Title: Gezo, King of Dahomey
Description: Portrait image of King Gezo [i.e. Gezu], who ruled the Kingdom of Dahomey (now part of southern Benin) from 1818-1858. Through the help of the slave-trade, Dahomey flourished during the 18th and 19th century, and is said to have reached its highpoint during Gezu's rule. In the lithograph, the king is shown with one of his attendants, who holds a parasol over his head. In Part II, "Abomey, its Court and its People," Forbes described King Gezo as "about forty-eight years of age, good-looking, with nothing of the negro feature, his complexion wanting several shades of being black; his appearance commanding, and his countenance intellectual, though stern in the extreme. That he is proud there can be no doubt, for he treads the earth as if it were honoured by its burden. Were it not for the slight cast in his eye, he would be a handsome man. Contrasted with the gaudy attire of his ministers, wives, and caboceers (of every hue, and laden with coral, gold, silver, and brass ornaments), the king was plainly dressed, in a loose robe of yellow silk slashed with satins stars and half-moons, Mandingo sandals, and a Spanish hat trimmed with gold lace; the only ornament being a small gold chain of European manufacture." (vol. 1, p. 76-77), Frontispiece for Frederick E. Forbes's Dahomey and the Dahomans: Being the Journey of Two Missions to the King of Dahomey, and his Residence at the Capital, in the Years 1849 and 1850 (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1851), vol. 1., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: M.&N. Hanhart Chromo Lith, lithographers
Date: 1851
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Forbes 9727.D v 1 frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2905

Title: The reception of the "Ah-Haussoo-Noh-Beh" or "Queen's Mouths."
Description: Depiction of a ceremony featuring King Gezu's ambassadors ("Ah-Haussoo-Noh-Beh"), which Forbes witnessed during his travels in the Kingdom of Dahomey, now part of southern Benin. In Part II, "Abomey, its Court and its People," Forbes recalled seeing "a vast assembly of cabooceers and soldiers, with umbrellas of state, flat-topped, and ornamented like those of the Chinese, and banners of every hue and most varied devices. Besides the Dahoman standards, each of which was ornamented by a human skull, floated the national flags of France, England, Portugal, and Brazil, whilst evey cabooceer had his own particular pennon." (p. 73) "The square of the palace," Forbes continued, "was filled with armed people, seated on their hams, the polished barrels of their Danish muskets standing up like a forest. Under a thatched gateway [right] was the king, surrounded by his immediate wives; while on each side sat the amazons, all in uniform, armed, and accoutred; and in the centre of the square squatted the males. Hundreds of banners and umbrella enlivened the scene, and a constant firing from great guns and small arms increased the excitement." (p. 75), Plate in Frederick E. Forbes's Dahomey and the Dahomans: Being the Journey of Two Missions to the King of Dahomey, and his Residence at the Capital, in the Years 1849 and 1850 (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1851), vol. 1, p. 74., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: M.&N. Hanhart Chromo Lith, lithographers
Date: 1851
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Forbes 9727.D v 1 p 74, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2906

Title: An inhabitant of Angola
Description: Portrait image of an Angolan man. Subject wears only a tall head-piece, seemingly made of feathers, and a ribbon around his genitals. He holds a long spear in his right hand. An Angolan idol appears in the sky in the background. On the preceding page, Hebert wrote, "In Angola the people are fearfull blacke, their Religion is Ethnick, the Idols are of great esteeme amongst them, and called Mokisso, generally they are so wedded to Superstition, that some adore the Deuill in forme of a bloudie Dragon. Others a Ram-goat, a Leopard, a Batt, an Owle, a Snake or Dogge, to whom they ceremoniously kneele and bow vnto, groueling then vpon the Earth, they throw dust on their faces, and offer Hearbes, Rice, Rootes, Fruits, and such like, which is deuoured by the Witches, a Monster not a little feared and esteemed of amongst these Deuillish Sauages." (p. 8), Illustration in Sir Thomas Hebert's A relation of some yeares travaile, begvnne anno 1626: Into Afrique and the greater Asia, especially the territories of the Persian monarchie: and some parts of the Orientall Indies, and iles adiacent. Of their religion, language, habit, discent, ceremonies, and other matters concerning them . . . (London: Printed by William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, 1634), p. 9., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver
Date: [1634]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *Stc 13190 902.F (Preston) p 9, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2892

Title: Vue du camp du voyageur Douville quand il passe le fleuve Couango, chez le Soba Bakal
Description: Depiction of Douville's camp on the edge of the Couango River in modern Angola. The camp consists of a number of small huts, as well as a larger, grander one, from whose thatched roof a flag waves. A number of people, and a few animals, appear on the outskirts of the camp. Four boats sail along the river, and two other camps can be seen in the background., Plate 16 in Jean-Baptiste Douville's Voyage au Congo et dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique equinoxiale: fait dans les années 1828, 1829 et 1830 (A Paris: Chez Jules Renouard, libraire, rue de Tournon, n. 6; Imprimé chez Paul Renouard, rue Garencière, n. 5, 1832)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Becker, F. S., lithographer
Date: 1832
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Douv 10079.O plate 16, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2899

Title: Vue des montagne à l'est du Bihé
Description: Mountainous landscape rendered from the Canjungas River near Bihé (now Kuito) in central Angola. In addition to various landscape elements, the image includes a man in a small rowboat, and three huts on the river's edge., Plate 12 in Jean-Baptiste Douville's Voyage au Congo et dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique equinoxiale: fait dans les années 1828, 1829 et 1830 (A Paris: Chez Jules Renouard, libraire, rue de Tournon, n. 6; Imprimé chez Paul Renouard, rue Garencière, n. 5, 1832)., Caption underneath the image reads: (Prise sur les bords de la rivière Canjungas près Bihé capitale de l'etat de ce nom.), Lithographer probably Boulanger [i.e. Mr. B.], for he executed other plates in Douville's volume., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Becker, F. S.
Date: 1832
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Douv 10079.O plate 12, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A3141

Title: Negre Manding
Description: Included in Chapter IX, "Mandings, Barra, Kollar, et Badibou," the engraving shows a Mandingo regent in the costume of his people. The Mandingos are a West African ethnic group; they live in the countries of Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Senegal., Illustration in René Geoffroy de Villeneuve's L'Afrique, ou Histoire, moeurs, usages et coutumes des africains: Le Sénégal (Paris: Nepveu, libraire, passage des Panoramas, no. 26, 1814), vol. 3 p. 170., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1814]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri R.G.V. 65954.D v 3 p 170, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2930

Title: Pirogues des Negres
Description: Included in Chapter IV, "Cayor" the engraving shows pirogues, or the boats of the Africans., Illustration in René Geoffroy de Villeneuve's L'Afrique, ou Histoire, moeurs, usages et coutumes des africains: Le Sénégal (Paris: Nepveu, libraire, passage des Panoramas, no. 26, 1814), vol. 3 p. 60., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1814]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri R.G.V. 65954.D v 3 p 170, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2929

Title: Black and white beaux
Description: Portrays a black couple in New York; it appears within the context of Trollope's discussion of free blacks in the city, particularly their dress, taste, and comportment. "On one occassion," Trollope wrote, "we met in Broadway a young Negress in the extreme of fashion, and accompanied by a black beau, whose toilet was equally studied; eye-glass, guard-chin, nothing was omitted; he walked beside his sable goddess uncovered, and with an air of the most tender devotion. At the window of a handsome house which they were passing stood a very pretty white girl, with two gentlemen beside her; but alas! both of them had their hats on, and one was smoking!" (p. 279), Plate in Frances Trollope's Domestic Manners of the Americans (London: Printed for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co.; New York: Reprinted for the booksellers, 1832), p. 278., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from Daily Life.
Creator: Pendleton, lithographer
Date: [1832]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1832 Tro 8678.O p 278, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2732

Title: Negres au travail
Description: Engraving accompanies Chapter IV, "Haiti.- Géographie. - Histoire." Under the supervision of two overseers with whips, approximately thirty slaves dig a trench that may be used to irrigate sugar cane fields. Swinging sharp hoes, the slaves stand in a line that stretches far into the background., Plate in Voyage pittoresque dans le deux Ameriques (A Paris : Chez L. Tenr'e, libraire-éditeur, rue de Paon, 1; et chez Henri Dupuy, rue de la Monnaie, 11., M DCCC XXXVI. [1836]), p. 22., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Work Scenes.
Date: [1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1836 Orbi 6335.F p 22, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2747

Title: A Zoolu warrior & his daughter
Description: Portrait image of a Zoolu (i.e, Zulu) warrior and his daughter. Seated on a rock, the warrior holds his sword and three spears. His daughter stands at his side, resting her hand on his shoulder. She wears a necklace and a wrap around her hips., Frontispiece for volume one of Nathaniel Isaacs's Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa: Descriptive of the Zoolu Manners, Customs, etc. etc.: With a Sketch of Natal (London: Edward Churton, 26, Holles Street, 1836)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Bagg, William, lithographer
Date: [1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Isaac 6281.D vol 1 frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2916

Title: A Zoolu prophetess
Description: Portrait image of a Zoolu (i.e, Zulu) prophetess whom Isaacs met during his travels. He described her as follows, "Her person . . . did not less attract my attention than the hostile attitudes and habiliments of her guards. Her head was partly shaved, as is the custom of the natives. Her hair was thick, and seemed besmeared with fat and charcoal.One eyelid was painted red, the other black; and her nose was rendered more ornamental than nature had designed it, by being also blackened by the same preparation." As he also noted, she carried a "stick or wand, with a black cow's tail tied to the end, which she flourished about with infinite solemnity." (p. 166-167). In the lithograph, the prophetess wears an ornate head-piece and ceremonial dress; she holds a small nosegay to her breast., Plate in Nathaniel Isaacs's Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa: Descriptive of the Zoolu Manners, Customs, etc. etc.: With a Sketch of Natal (London: Edward Churton, 26, Holles Street, 1836)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Bagg, William, lithographer
Date: [1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Isaac 6281.D vol 2 p 166, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2917

Title: A mulatto woman of the Gold Coast
Description: Portrait of a mulatto woman walking with a parasol on the coast. Hutton's general description of "superior black women and mulattoes" on the Gold Coast also applies to this subject. As he wrote, "They wear a cloth either of silk or cotton, which they fasten round their waist with a handkerchief, from which is suspended a large bunch of silver keys, about thirty-two in number. Under their cloth they wear a girdle that goest several times round their loins, and forms into a large pad behind, just at the small of their backs, which is called a cankey, and on which they carry their children. This cankey, which has a very unseemly appearance, possesses the advantage of keeping the cloth loose, and thus prevents their shape from being exposed. The young girls in general are proud of showing their bosoms, but the mulatto women conceal theirs by wearing a linen shirt." (p. 93-94), Plate in William Hutton's A Voyage to Africa: Including a Narrative of an Embassy to One of the Interior Kingdoms, in the year 1820 . . . (London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-Row, 1821), p. 92., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Clark, J., 1789-1830, engraver
Date: 1821
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Hutton 5536.O p 92, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2915

Title: Le Hottentot
Description: Portrait image of Klaas, a young Hottentot (i.e., Khoikhoi), who accompanied Le Vaillant during parts of his voyage. According to the text, the engraving was done after a sketch by Vaillant. Klass is dressed in the typical Khoikhoi fashion: he wears a fur loin-cloth, a cape made from sheep or badger's skin (with the woolly side inward), and a lamb-skin cap. It appears that he also wears animal innards around his neck and legs, as was customary among the Khoikhoin. A good description of their dress can be found in John Ogilby's Africa: Being an Accurate Description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid (London: 1670), p. 590-591., Plate in François Le Vaillant's Voyage de Monsieur Le Vaillant dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance: dans les Années 1780, 81, 82, 83, 84 & 85 (A Paris: Chez Leroy, Libraire, rue Saint-Jacques; vis-à-vis celle de la Parcheminerie, no. 15, M.DCC.LXXXX [1790]), vol. 1, p. 212., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1790]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Leva 1790 9861.O v 1 p 212, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2923

Title: Hottentote
Description: Image of a young Hottentot (i.e., Khoikhoi) woman whom Le Vaillant met during his travels. The woman wears typical Khoikhoi dress: namely, a cape made from sheep or badger's skin. She does not, however, wear the customary fur loin-cloth -- an oversight allowing the illustrator to show her genitalia. Like many Khoikhoi women (including Saarti Baartman, the so-called "Hottentot Venus," who was crudely "exhibited" to European audiences in the early nineteenth century), the woman shown here has a "vagina dentata," which Le Vaillant described as a "natural apron." (See the English translation of Le Vaillant, Travels into the Interior Parts of Africa [London: Printed for G.G. and J. Robinson, Paternoster-Row, 1796], vol. 2, p. 353), Plate in François Le Vaillant's Voyage de Monsieur Le Vaillant dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance: dans les Années 1780, 81, 82, 83, 84 & 85 (A Paris: Chez Leroy, Libraire, rue Saint-Jacques; vis-à-vis celle de la Parcheminerie, no. 15, M.DCC.LXXXX [1790]), vol. 2, p. 346., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1790]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Leva 1790 9861.O v 2 p 346, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2924

Title: Camp de Pampoen-Kraal
Description: Depiction of Le Vaillant's camp at Pampoen-Kraal, where, according to his account, he and his party repaired their wagons and carriages, and dried their goods, which had become wet during the course of their travels. (In the engraving, however, it appears that Africans do much of the work for them.) "The hill of Pampoen-Kraal, . . . ," Le Vaillant wrote, "pleased me much." As he then recalled, "Nor far from my tent [right] stood a small eminence, crowned by a thicket of thirty or thirty-five feet in diameter. The trees and shrubs of which it was composed, in growing had so interwoven their branches, that the whole appeared as one very thick and bushy body. Having imagined that I might convert it into a little palace, I ordered a path to be traced out to its centre, and the branches to be lopped off on each side to the height of a man, so as to afford an easy passage. In the middle of the thicket, by the force of labour and employing the hatchet, we were able to cut out two chambers perfectly square; in one of which I placed my table and chair; this was my study. The second I ornamented with my kitchen utensils: but this did not prevent me from using it at the same time as a dining room. These two apartments, naturally covered with branches and leaves impenetrably thick, afforded me a delightful and cool retreat, when harassed and covered with sweat and dust, after my hunted excursion in the morning, I retired from the heat of the day, and the scorching rays of the sun. (See the English translation of Le Vaillant, Travels into the Interior Parts of Africa [London: Printed for G.G. and J. Robinson, Paternoster-Row, 1796], vol. 1, p. 164-165.), Fold-out plate in François Le Vaillant's Voyage de Monsieur Le Vaillant dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance: dans les Années 1780, 81, 82, 83, 84 & 85 (A Paris: Chez Leroy, Libraire, rue Saint-Jacques; vis-à-vis celle de la Parcheminerie, no. 15, M.DCC.LXXXX [1790]), vol. 1, p. 166., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1790]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Leva 1790 9861.O v 1 p 166, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2922

Title: Truey, the Griqua maid
Description: Portrait image of Truey (or Getrude), a young Griqua woman who had been captured by warriors loyal to the great Zulu chief Moselekatse. A maid, Griqua serves meat to Moselekatse's visitors., Plate in Sir William Harris's The wild sports of Southern Africa: Being a narrative of a hunting expedition from the Cape of Good Hope, through the territories of the Chief Moselekatse, to the Tropic of Capricorn (London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, 1852), p. 120., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1852]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Harris 14048.O p 120, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2913

Title: Andries Africander, a mulatto Hottentot
Description: Portrait image of Andries Africander, a mulatto Hottentot (i.e. Khoikhoi), who served as Harris's driver during part of his travels. A pensioned private in the Cape Rifle Corps, Africander is shown here with his rifle. As Harris noted, and as the engraving suggests, he was missing both his right eye and his index finger. When Harris first made Africander's acquaintance, the latter had already made numerous trips into Moselekaste's country. He was also acquainted with the chief, and spoke a bit of English and Sichuana. He proved, however, to be an unfortunate addition to Harris's party. "A coward, a mutineer, and an inveterate liar," Harris wrote, " . . . Andries caused more mischief and trouble to us by his pernicious example and rebellious conduct when beyond the reach of the law, than can be well conceived by those who have never had the misfortunes to be exposed to the machinations of so dangerous a ruffian." (p. 10), Plate in Sir William Harris's The wild sports of Southern Africa: Being a narrative of a hunting expedition from the Cape of Good Hope, through the territories of the Chief Moselekatse, to the Tropic of Capricorn (London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, 1852), p. 8., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Date: [1852]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Harris 14048.O p 8, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2912

Title: Habitation Nègre
Description: Depiction of an African home, complete with a small chapel, and, as the caption notes, "structures for the inhabitants' use." Two large horns rest on the ground in front of the home., Plate 20 in Jean-Baptiste Douville's Voyage au Congo et dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique equinoxiale: fait dans les années 1828, 1829 et 1830 (A Paris: Chez Jules Renouard, libraire, rue de Tournon, n. 6; Imprimé chez Paul Renouard, rue Garencière, n. 5, 1832)., Caption underneath the image reads: (entourée des chapelles et des edifices à l'usage des habitans)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Africa: Images, Maps, and Geography.
Creator: Noguès, lithographer
Date: 1832
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Douv 10079.O plate 20, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2900

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