Illustrated trade card surrounded by an ornate gilt border depicting a woman attired in robes standing on a chariot composed of a flower-covered seashell and harnessed to large butterflies., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humani+ties (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department **trade card - Campuzano [1975.F.3a]
Illustrated trade card die cut and shaped into potted flowers. Sharpless & Sons were importers, jobbers and retailers of dry goods and operated from 801, 803, 805 & 807 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia., Embossed., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
1880
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *trade card - Sharpless [1975.F.750]
Illustrated trade card depicting a fly and flowers in front of a framed landscape view of a sea and mountains., Contains calendar for 1882 printed on verso., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
1882
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Dreka [1975.F.244]
Illustrated trade card depicting a woman skipping with flowers along a path on a hill with a dog and a bird following her. A covered pavilion and body of water are visible in the background., Copyright secured by Graf Bros. Phila., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Heyer [1975.F.452]
Illustrated trade card depicting parrots perched on flowering branches., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Holloway [P.9111.20]
Illustrated trade card depicting flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Henry [1975.F.422]
Illustrated trade card depicting flowers and a bird., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Greer [1975.F.355]
Illustrated trade card depicting a trademark logo, banner and sign embellished by flowers and a butterfly and surrounded by a decorative border., Advertising text printed on verso: "Virginia Tobacco Store" ; Removal of J.S. Semon, from 25 S. 9th St. to No. 6 S. 8th St., three doors below Market St. Home-made plug tobacco a specialty., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Semon [1975.F.752]
Illustrated trade card depicting a bird and a spray of flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Schwindt [P.9802.5]
Illustrated trade card depicting a frog near flowers in a decorative vase., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Brotherton [1975.F.60]
Illustrated trade card depicting a bouquet of flowers in a decorative urn adorned by a mythological female figure holding a shield and spear., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Ruf [P.9728.9]
Illustrated trade card depicting a winged female fairy playing the cymbals on a path in front of large flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Rumpp [1975.F.726]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting planted flowers. The jewelry store, established circa 1839 as James E. Caldwell, was reorganized as J. E. Caldwell & Co. in 1848., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
1880
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *trade card - Caldwell [1975.F.156 & 221]
Illustrated trade card depicting red and blue flowering plants., Advertising text printed on verso: This gorgeous card is a specimen of fine press work done on an ordinary Model Press. There are eight distinct colors and therefore eight separate impressions. A press which will do such work as this, is a safe one to buy for all kinds of printing. Every press sold absolutely guaranteed. J.W. Daughaday & Co., Mfrs., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *trade card - Daughaday [P.9728.3]
Illustrated trade card depicting three anthropomorphic figures, including two flowers attacking a butterfly with spears., Price list printed on verso for men's pants and working suits., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Commercial [1975.F.189]
Series of illustrated trade cards and bookmarks for the confectionery businesses operated by Arthur S. and John C. Curran, Jr. and Sigismund Leipzeiger at 1324 Chestnut Street and 475 North Fifth Street in Philadelphia. Illustrations depict flowers and birds and include the phrase, "compliments of the season"., Title supplied by cataloger., Four prints [1975.F.171; 1975.F.184a; 1975.F.197; 1975.F.217] printed and copyrighted 1878 by J.H. Bufford & Sons, Boston., One print [1975.F.150a] bears imprint below image: M. W. & Co. ; ent. sta. hall [entered at Statoners' Hall in London?]., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1878
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Curran [1975.F.150a; 1975.F.171; 1975.F.184a; 1975.F.197; 1975.F.217]
Proof of circular containing floral pictorial details. Front cover shows a bouquet of flowers. Back cover shows a a frame of flowers surrounding a cherub holding a bow and arrow. Also contains a border depicted as twigs entwined with ribbon printed with the names of different scents. Scents include musk, maize flower, and Parisian., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Date
[ca. 1865]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department albums - Specimens Album [P.9349.104c]
Illustrated trade card depicts flowers in a basket., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Bissex [P.9798.2]
Illustrated trade card showing a swag of flowers and leaves., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1881]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Arthars [1975.F.8]
Illustrated trade card showing a vignette of a rustic bridge spanning a stream inset into a larger scene of flowers., Numbered C-754 in lower left corner., Advertising text printed on recto., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Ashbrook [P.9636.3]
Illustrated trade card depicting a stork, turkey, and flowering vines surrounding a scroll containing the name of the company. By 1880, Garber & Bro. included S. Jones, John M., and J. Lindley A. Garber., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Garber [1975.F.389]
Illustrated trade card depicting two girls and a boy standing and sitting under vining plants. The boy, with a feathered cap in his left hand, offers a flower to a girl seated with a doll by her side, but she puts her hand up and refuses. Another girl stands on the other side of the boy with a similar flower in her hand., Copyright 1878 by L. Prang & Co. Boston U.S.A., Advertising text printed on verso: Friedberger & Strouse, the oldest established millinery house on Eighth Street, 113 & 115 North Eighth, and 733 Arch Sts., Philadelphia., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
c1878
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Friedberger [1975.F.341]
Illustrated trade card depicting a bench surrounded by a flowering bush., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1870]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Macdowell [P.2006.20.7]
Illustrated trade card depicting a business card for MacKinnon Pen Company tucked into a spray of flowers., Distributor's stamp on verso: E.H. White, agt., Mackinnon Pen Co., 333 & 335 Chest. St., Phila., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - MacKinnon [1975.F.576]
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Tyler [1975.F.874]
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of flowers surrounded by a decorative border., Title supplied by cataloger., Advertising text printed on verso promotes Thermaline as a remedy for chills and fever, fever and ague, all malarial diseases, liver complaint, dyspepsia, general debility, rheumatism, neuralgia, sick headache, colds, slight catarrh and other pulmonary diseases., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Thermaline [1975.F.875]
Illustrated trade card depicting a bouquet of flowers. Quinlan & Fisher was a partnership between Francis T. Quinlan and Charles F. Fisher., Advertising text printed on verso promotes Quinlan & Fisher as "Philadelphia's greatest credit house," allowing customers to pay $1 down and $1 per week on a bill of $10. Includes a list of stock offered by the store and a price list printed below it for select items., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1890]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Quinlan [P.9651.19]
Illustrated trade card depicting a flower wreath surmounted by Britain's "Red Ensign" flag and an American flag., Advertising text printed on verso promotes "Prang's American chromos," "Prang's illuminated business, advertising and visiting cards," "Prang's Christmas, New-Year, and birth-day cards," and "Prang's educational publications"., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
1876
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Prang [1975.F.669]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting a man holding a bouquet of flowers standing with two women; a man with an envelope approaching a woman standing at a mirror; a couple walking with arms clasped and a poodle by their side; and a soldier peering over the shoulder of a woman who pulls petals off of a flower., Title supplied by cataloger., Two prints [1975.F.898 & 901] contain distributor's imprint printed on bottom of rectos in black text: McIlvaine & Co., grocers, S.E. cor. Chestnut & Juniper Sts., Philadelphia., Two prints [1975.F.899 & 900] contain advertising text printed on bottom of rectos in black text: 1st Regiment Bouquet Toilet Soap for sale at soap stand in the fair., Advertising text printed on versos promotes the purity, quality and general superiority of the soap produced by Benjamin Brooke & Co. with the expertise of Mr. A. Van Haagen, formerly of McKeone, Van Haagen & Co., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Van Haagen's [1975.F.898-901]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting business cards for James S. Loag tucked into flowers embellished with birds and butterflies. Also depicts two boys jumping over a wooden fence or obstacle course and a woman painting on the beach under an umbrella with a male companion leaning over her shoulder., Printers and engravers include J.H. Bufford & Sons (Boston) and E. Ketterlinus & Co. (Philadelphia)., Two prints [1975.F.502 & 504] contain advertising text printed on versos: James S. Loag, dealer in ribbons, hats & millinery goods, trimmed goods a specialty, No. 1230 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. A full assortment of kid and lisle thread gloves., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Loag [1975.F.486; 1975.F.493-497; 1975.F.502-504]
Series of illustrated trade cards for Jones & Fisher, the mourning dry goods store operated by Chalkley L. Jones and Frederick F. Fisher at 918 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia. Illustrations entitled "Le roi Dagobert" and "M' de la Palisse" show children depicting Good King Dagobert and Jacques de la Palisse; men and women startled after observing their large, distorted reflections in mirrors and a crystal ball; a man and a woman attired in Medieval or Renaissance clothing; flowers; and a dog., Title supplied by cataloger., One print [P.9669.2] copyrighted 1882 by G. Kahn., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Jones [P.9669.1-11]
Series of illustrated trade cards for Joseph Juél's men's furnishing goods store in Philadelphia. Illustrations depict a sprig of flowers, the sun, a dragonfly and an urn. Juél's store relocated from 826 Chestnut Street to 1031 Chestnut Street ca. 1883., Title supplied by cataloger., One print [1975.F.161] contains "Streets of Philadelphia" list printed in two columns on verso., One print [1975.F.461] contains advertising text on verso with a vignette of two men riding on a horse-drawn buggy: Kid, driving & coaching gloves, Joseph Juél, 1031 Chestnut Street, Philad'a. Two doors above the opera house., One print [1975.F.462] contains calendar for 1880 printed on verso., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880-1883]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Juél [1975.F.161; 1975.F.461 & 462]
Series of illustrated trade cards for Willett & Quinby at 416 North Second Street in Philadelphia. Illustrations depict a child painting the face of the figure from a jack-in-the-box and an idyllic scene showing a flowering plant and rustic church in a field., Title supplied by cataloger., One print [P.9642.6] contains advertising text printed on verso by Coward & Co. prs., 123 N. Third St. Phila., Advertising text printed on versos promotes Willett & Quinby's coffee as the "favorite" coffee and "the best blended coffee"., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Willett [P.9636.4 & P.9642.6]
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Whitman's [1975.F.971]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting idyllic scenes surrounded by floral borders, including women playing stringed instruments; a couple holding a flower garland; a boy asleep and dreaming of an angel hovering over him with a cornucopia of flowers; two women, one holding a lyre, the other a triangle, sitting on a large shell in a lily pond. Business started in Philadelphia as Hummel, Bohler & Co. in 1850 and organized as a stock company under the name Weikel & Smith Spice Co. in 1867., Advertising text printed on versos promotes Weikel & Smith Spice Co.'s Bohsemeem trade mark., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Weikel [1975.F.973-976]
Illustrated trade card depicting a woman's hand holding and displaying a bunch of roses., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - West End [P.2006.20.47]
Illustrated trade carding depicting a bouquet of flowers in a vase., Advertising text printed on verso: Go to the West Philadelphia Card Depot, 3718 Market Street, for chromo cards, by set, 100 or 1,000 at lowest prices. School supplies, stationery, etc., etc. Printing press and outfit with script type as low as $2.50., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - West [P.9728.15]
Illustrated trade card depicting a man and woman carrying baskets and bundles of fruit walking along a path flanked by fruit and flowering plants. Includes the faint outline of the townscape in the background., Advertising text printed on verso: Largest variety of baby coaches, doll coaches, velocipedes, bicycles, propellors, sleds, sleighs and coasters, express wagons, shoo-fly horses, rocking horses, spring horses, leaping horses, sulkies, tally ho! and American trotters. At manufacturers' prices., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Westney [1975.F.982]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting business cards for William Idler's watch making and jewelry business surrounded by flowers and cherub figures., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Idler [1975.F.457-460; 1975.F.463 & 464]
Illustrated trade card depicting a Native American woman attired in traditional dress standing outside near flowering vines. She collects fluid dripping from a flower into a shell. Bean & Brother, a partnership between Lewis U. and George W. Bean, operated a drugstore from 47 & 49 North Second Street., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Indian [1975.F.30]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting business cards for John M. Howland & Son tucked into flowers., Advertising text printed on versos: John M. Howland. John H. Howland. Philadelphia Meat Co., wholesale and retail dealers in beef, mutton, pork, veal, poultry, butter, game, eggs, &c. Special prices made to large customers such as hotels, restaurants, etc. 1203 Market Street., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Howland [1975.F.403a & 1975.F.430]
Series of illustrated trade cards for the Household Sewing Machine Company in Providence, Rhode Island. Illustrations depicts various kinds of birds, flowers, bees and butterflies., Title supplied by cataloger., Several prints [P.9801.1-4] contain advertising text printed on versos for the household sewing machine for sale by H.H. McCargo, 1609 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia., Several prints [1975.F.406-409] contain advertising text printed on versos for the household sewing machine and N.D. Stoops & Co., general agents, 17 South Eighth Street, Philadelphia., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Household [1975.F.406-409 & P.9801.1-4]
Advertisement calendar for the year 1885 containing a sentimental, genre scene. Shows a long-haired child, possibly a boy, attired in a collared dress, bow at the waist, knickers, a wide-brimmed hat adorned with flowers, socks, and shoes with straps. The child holds a bouquet of flowers in one hand and holds out a sprig in the other. Advertisement also contains pictorial details depicting fruits and vinery framing the image. The firm, established in 1873 by William H. Lehman and Mahlon Bolton, Jr. from Jacob Haehnlen's former establishment at Goldsmiths' Hall, specialized in commercial lithographs such as billheads, letterheads, and advertisements., Not in Wainwright., Philadelphia on Stone, POSA 122, Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Helen Beitler and Estate of Helen Beitler.
Creator
Lehman & Bolton
Date
[1884]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department PRINt Helen Beitler Graphic Ephemera Collection - Calendars [P.2011.10.165]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting birds perched on flower stems., Advertising text printed on versos: Perfumery, fancy toilet articles and ladies' requisites., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Smiley [P.9810.1-3]
Illustrated trade card depicting ducklings and frogs in a pond. Includes a sprig of flowers tucked into the sign inscribed with the title., Copyrighted by J.H. Bufford's Sons, Boston., Advertising text printed on verso promotes books for holiday presents, including Chambers' Encyclopaedia, Grant's Tour, Indian Summer, Pastoral Days, and other fine illustrated books., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Simon [1975.F.836]
Illustrated trade card depicting a spray of flowers., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1880]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Steward [P.9802.3]
Illustrated trade card surrounded by a flower border depicting the profiles of two women in Renaissance robes reading a letter in a garden. Hershey Baking Company was founded by Jacob S. Hershey in 1899 as a bread bakery in York, Pennsylvania., Embossed., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1900]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *trade card - Hershey [P.9631.4]
Illustrated trade card depicting a portrait of a woman framed by roses, putti, a snow-covered tree, and a framed portrait of a girl., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
1882
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *trade card - Patton [1975.F.720]
Illustrated trade card depicting flowers and other imagery wrapped around a business card for James Holly's tailor shop and clothing store in Philadelphia, including a boy with a fishing rod, a butterfly and a bee., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Holly [5786.F.9j]
Series of illustrated trade cards depicting two jesters and three pigs running in opposite directions down a street. The jester in the foreground carries a pig under his arm and the jester in the background carries a cane. Also shows a bust portrait of boy or girl and flowers., Title supplied by cataloger., Advertising text promoting services and products offered by Hassler's umbrella and cane factory, including umbrella covering, lining, and repairing, printed on versos., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Digitized.
Date
[1885]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department trade card - Hassler's [1975.F.413; 1975.F.420; 1975.F.426; 1975.F.440]
