New Masonic Temple.
Title
New Masonic Temple
Description
Elevated view looking northeast from the City Hall construction site showing the west front and north flank of the new Masonic Temple, built 1868-1873 after the designs of Freemason and Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim. Also shows pedestrians standing on the corner in the foreground., Title on negative., Manuscript note on verso: Philadelphia., Yellow curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Date
[ca. 1873]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - unidentified - Associations [P.9047.96]
New Masonic Temple, corner Broad & Filbert Sts. Phila, Pa. To be dedicated Sept. 26, 1873.
Title
New Masonic Temple, corner Broad & Filbert Sts. Phila, Pa. To be dedicated Sept. 26, 1873
Description
View looking northeast showing the west front and north flank of the new Masonic Temple, built 1868-1873 after the designs of Freemason and Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim. Also shows construction materials and a dray in the street in front of City Hall in the right foreground., Attributed to Robert Newell., Title from manuscript note on verso., Yellow mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of David Doret.
Creator
Newell, Robert, 1822-1897
Date
[ca. 1873]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Newell - Associations [P.2010.6.19]
Masonic Temple postcards.
Title
Masonic Temple postcards
Description
Contains views of the Masonic Temple built 1868-1873 after designs by James Hamilton Windrim. Images depict the temple looking northeast from City Hall. Includes one interior view of Norman Hall., Contains 22 postcards printed in color and 9 printed in black and white., Digitized with funding from a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Brightbill, George M., collector
Date
1900-1910
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department Brightbill postcards [Buildings - Masonic Temple - 26]
Masonic Temple.
Title
Masonic Temple
Description
Oblique view showing the west front and south flank of the temple on North Broad Street built 1868-1873 after the designs of Freemason and Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim to accommodate the local lodge's increasing membership., Label on verso contains printed description of Masonic Temple surmounted by a vignette of the state seal of Pennsylvania., Date from other stereographs in the series., Yellow mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
[ca. 1873]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Cremer - Associations [P.9260.38]
Masonic Temple.
Title
Masonic Temple
Description
View looking northeast at the west front and south flank of the temple on North Broad Street built 1868-1873 after the designs of Freemason and Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim to accommodate the local lodge's increasing membership. Includes large slabs of stone and horse-drawn carts and drays in the foreground, presumably for construction of City Hall (not pictured). Also shows the front facade of the building at the northwest corner of North Broad and Filbert Streets., Title on negative., Publisher's imprint printed on mount., Yellow curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of F.J. Dallet.
Creator
Purviance, W. T. (William T.)
Date
[ca. 1873]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Purviance - Associations [P.9418.4]
Masonic Hall, Philadelphia.
Title
Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Description
View looking northwest at the front facade of the hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart. Includes a partial view of the Washington House hotel (709-711 Chestnut Street). Building sold circa 1873 following the completion of the new Masonic Temple on North Broad Street., Title from printed label pasted on verso., Photographer's imprint on mount., Yellow mount with square corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Hurn, J. W. (John White), d. 1887, photographer
Date
[ca. 1866]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Hurn - Associations [P.9466.23]
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia.
Title
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Description
Interior of the Masonic Hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart at 713-721 Chestnut Street. Shows the west wall of the Grand Lodge Room constructed after the designs of Collins & Autenrieth. Includes statuary, carpeting, a chandelier, the Grand Master 's chair, ornately decorated architectural elements, and a book on a pedestal. Hall razed by fire in 1886., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint stamped on mount., Buff mount with square corners., Accompanied by label containing an engraving of the front facade of the hall by Dewitt C. Baxter, a brief description of the construction of the building, and a list of Grand Officers who participated in the dedication., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of Philadelphia., Reproduced in Kenneth Finkel's Nineteenth century photography in Philadelphia (New York: Dover Publications, Inc. in cooperation with the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1980), entry # 101., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., The Langenheim brothers, William and Frederick, were pioneer photographers and stereograph publishers who operated a photographic studio in Philadelphia from the 1840s to 1874 and the death of William.
Creator
W. & F. Langenheim (Firm), photographer
Date
c1860
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Langenheim - Associations [(8)1322.F.37e]
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia.
Title
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Description
Interior of the Masonic Hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart at 713-721 Chestnut Street. Shows the west wall of the Grand Lodge Room constructed after the designs of Collins & Autenrieth. Includes statuary, carpeting, a chandelier, the Grand Master 's chair, ornately decorated architectural elements, and a book on a pedestal. Hall razed by fire in 1886., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint stamped on mount., Buff mount with square corners., Accompanied by label containing an engraving of the front facade of the hall by Dewitt C. Baxter, a brief description of the construction of the building, and a list of Grand Officers who participated in the dedication., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of Philadelphia., Reproduced in Kenneth Finkel's Nineteenth century photography in Philadelphia (New York: Dover Publications, Inc. in cooperation with the Library Company of Philadelphia, 1980), entry # 101., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., The Langenheim brothers, William and Frederick, were pioneer photographers and stereograph publishers who operated a photographic studio in Philadelphia from the 1840s to 1874 and the death of William.
Creator
W. & F. Langenheim (Firm), photographer
Date
c1860
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Langenheim - Associations [(8)1322.F.37e]
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Title
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Description
Interior of the Masonic Hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart at 713-721 Chestnut Street. Shows the north wall of the Grand Lodge Room constructed after the designs of Collins & Autenrieth. Includes statuary, carpeting, a chandelier, pews, and ornately decorated architectural elements. Hall razed by fire in 1886., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint stamped on mount., Buff mount with square corners., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of Philadelphia., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
W. & F. Langenheim (Firm), photographer
Date
ca. 1860
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Langenheim - Associations [(8)1322.F.37f]
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Title
Grand Lodge Room, New Masonic Hall, Philadelphia
Description
Interior of the Masonic Hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart at 713-721 Chestnut Street. Shows the north wall of the Grand Lodge Room constructed after the designs of Collins & Autenrieth. Includes statuary, carpeting, a chandelier, pews, and ornately decorated architectural elements. Hall razed by fire in 1886., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint stamped on mount., Buff mount with square corners., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of Philadelphia., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
W. & F. Langenheim (Firm), photographer
Date
ca. 1860
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Langenheim - Associations [(8)1322.F.37f]
New Masonic Temple, Philadelphia.
Title
New Masonic Temple, Philadelphia
Description
Titled views, including "Main entrance" and "Dedicated September 26, 1873," show the entrance on the west front of the temple flanked by two gaslights and a rooftop view looking southeast at the entire west front of the temple built 1868-1873 after the designs of Freemason and Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim. The Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church built 1869-1870 after designs by Addison Hutton is partially visible north of the temple and the City Hall construction site in Penn Square is partially visible to the south., Inscribed on negative P.8944.5: 2355., Labels on versos contain printed description and history of temple under heading "Masonic Temple, Philadelphia" within a decorative border., Orange mounts with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
[ca. 1873]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Cremer - Associations [P.8944.5 and P.8944.8]
Masonic Hall, Phila.
Title
Masonic Hall, Phila
Description
View looking northwest at the front facade of the hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart. View also shows the printing and engraving establishment of Rowley & Chew (723 Chestnut) immediately west of the hall. Awnings obscure most of the storefronts on the ground level. Building sold circa 1873 following the completion of the new Masonic Temple on North Broad Street., Title from photographer's label pasted on verso., Photographer's imprint from label pasted on verso., Yellow mount with rounded corners., Rowley & Chew relocated from 14-16 South Seventh Street to 723 Chestnut Street in 1872., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
[ca. 1872]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Cremer - Associations [P.9047.80]
Church, Broad & Arch Sts., Phila. (Methodist) New Masonic Temple in the background.
Title
Church, Broad & Arch Sts., Phila. (Methodist) New Masonic Temple in the background
Description
View looking southeast at the Methodist Episcopal church constructed 1869-70 after designs by Addison Hutton. Shows the west front of the adjacent Masonic Temple built 1868-1873 after the designs of James H. Windrim, a coach parked in the right foreground, and the liquor store operated by Charles P. Collins at the northeast corner of Broad and Arch Streets., Title from two different manuscript notes on verso., Photographer's imprint stamped on verso., Yellow mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of David Doret.
Creator
R. Newell & Son
Date
[ca. 1873]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Newell - Religion [P.2010.6.18]
Corinthian Hall, east, Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
Title
Corinthian Hall, east, Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A
Description
Interior view of the unfinished, Greek Corinthian-style Grand Lodge Room in Philadelphia's Masonic Hall, looking toward the east wall. Includes rows of benches and large chandeliers hanging down from the high ceiling. Designed by James H. Windrim, Philadelphia's Masonic Hall, located at Broad and Filbert Streets, was dedicated in 1873, but the Grand Lodge Room was not completed until 1903., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint printed on verso., Buff curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Creator
Kilburn, B. W. (Benjamin West), 1827-1909
Date
c1891
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Kilburn - Associations [P.9047.117]
Interior views of the New Masonic Temple, Phila.
Title
Interior views of the New Masonic Temple, Phila
Description
Series of titled interior views of the New Masonic Temple in Philadelphia include, "Norman Room, west," "Norman Room, east," "Ionic Room, east," "Lobby to the Grand Chamber," "Grand Chamber Room, east," "Lobby to Grand Lodge," "Grand Lodge Room, south," "Egyptian Room, west," "Grand Lodge Room, west," and "Library". Views depict the furniture and architectural details of various rooms within the temple, including rows of benches, high-backed chairs, large chandeliers, ornate carpet, desks, and bookshelves. Designed by James H. Windrim, Philadelphia's Masonic Hall, located at Broad and Filbert Streets, was dedicated in 1873, but many of the interior rooms were not completed until decades later., Title supplied by cataloger., Photographer's imprint printed on mounts., Distributor's imprint printed on mounts and on versos., Explicative paragraph of text providing brief history of Masonic Temple entitled, "Masonic Temple, Philadelphia" printed on all versos, except for one [P.9644.8]. Text surrounded by decorative border., Orange mounts with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Frederick Gutekunst's photographs documenting Masonic Hall were used to illustrate Dedication Memorial of the New Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, September 26th, 29th, 30th, 1873. (Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger, 1875).
Creator
Gutekunst, Frederick, 1831-1917, photographer
Date
c1873
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Gutekunst - Associations [P.8616.2; P.8944.1-4; P.8944.6-7; P.8944.9; P.9082.2; P.9644.8; P.9734.4]
Masonic Temple on Chestnut St. between 7th & 8th Sts. Phil. Pa.
Title
Masonic Temple on Chestnut St. between 7th & 8th Sts. Phil. Pa
Description
View looking northwest at the front facade of the hall built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart. View also shows adjacent businesses with bare awnings, including the Washington House hotel (709-711 Chestnut), and other commercial store fronts west of the hall. Flags fly from 712 Chestnut in the foreground, one reads "one dollar, 712" A horse-drawn cart travels east on Chestnut Street in the distance. Building sold circa 1873 following the completion of the new Masonic Temple on North Broad Street., Title from photographer's manuscript note on label pasted on verso., Photographer's imprint from label pasted on verso., Orange mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Bell began his photographic career in 1848 working for his brother-in-law's daguerreotype studio in Philadelphia and thereafter was associated with many commercial studios as partner or sole proprietor. He served as the chief photographer for the U.S. Army Medical Museum in 1865 and replaced Timothy O'Sullivan on George M. Wheeler's survey of the territories west of the 100th meridian in 1872. He returned to Philadelphia, went into business with his future son-in-law William Rau in 1875, and was active in the photography community until his death in 1910.
Creator
Bell, William, 1830-1910, photographer
Date
[ca. 1872]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Bell - Associations [P.9047.97]
Philadelphia, north from State House
Title
Philadelphia, north from State House
Description
Panoramic view showing several city blocks northwest from the State House (520 Chestnut Street). Includes the Public Ledger building, built 1866-1867 after the designs of John McArthur, Jr., (600-606 Chestnut) and the newspaper office of John W. Forney's The Press, "Forney's Press Building," (corner, Chestnut and Seventh). In the right background, the Masonic Hall is visible (713-721 Chestnut)., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint printed on mount., Orange mount with rounded corners., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Mount discolored., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Simons, M. P. (Montgomery P.)
Date
ca. 1869
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Simons - Views [1322.F.4c-2]
Arch Street postcards.
Title
Arch Street postcards
Description
Contains images of Arch Street, including views looking east from Fifteenth Street and west from Broad Street, showing the Young Men's Christian association building (1417-23 Arch Street) and the United Gas Improvement Building (1401 Arch Street). Also includes an image of the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (55-65 North Broad Street), Masonic Temple (1-33 North Broad Street), and City Hall tower near Broad and Arch Streets., Sheet number: 156A01., Divided backs., Digitized with funding from a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Brightbill, George M., collector
Date
1910-1923
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department Brightbill postcards [Streets - Miscellaneous - 156]
Sailors from North Atlantic Squadron. G.A.R. Encampment Phila'da.
Title
Sailors from North Atlantic Squadron. G.A.R. Encampment Phila'da
Description
View looking northeast along Filbert Street, showing sailors marching in uniform with rifles slung over their shoulders during the Grand Army of the Republic's National Encampment held in Philadelphia September 5-6, 1899. A man, possibly a police officer or parade participant, stands in the foreground looking at the marchers. View includes the south flank of Masonic Temple, spectators gathered on the north sidewalk, and brick row houses on the north side of Filbert Street. The Grand Army of the Republic, a society of Union veterans was organized in 1866 to promote fraternity, charity, and loyalty among its members, including camp fires, encampments, the establishment of veteran relief funds, and the preservation of civil war sites and financing of memorials., Title printed on mount below image., Publisher's imprint printed on mount., Decorative printed floral pattern flanks image., Buff curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Date
[ca. 1899]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - unidentified - Processions [P.9047.126]
The army of Sir Knight Templars, Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
Title
The army of Sir Knight Templars, Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A
Description
View showing the Knights Templar of Pennsylvania marching in uniform in front of a large crowd of spectators standing on the sidewalk and sitting in elevated viewing stands on North Broad Street on May 23, 1892 in connection with the fraternal organization's thirty-ninth annual conclave. Includes partial views of the Masonic Temple (built 1868-1873, James H. Windrim, architect) and Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (built 1869, Addison Hutton, architect). The procession began near Thompson Street, moved south on Broad Street, and disbanded at the Academy of Music., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint printed on verso., Buff curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Creator
Kilburn, B. W. (Benjamin West), 1827-1909
Date
c1892
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Kilburn - Processions [P.9047.127]
Broad Street, showing M.E. church, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
Title
Broa d Street, showing M.E. church, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A
Description
View looking northeast on Broad Street showing the west elevation and spire of Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (built 1869, Addison Hutton, architect) and a partial view of the west front of Masonic Temple in the right foreground (built 1868-1873, James H. Windrim, architect). Also shows a partial view of a Chestnut Street horsecar in the left foreground, a horse-drawn coach in front of the temple, and pedestrians on the sidewalk., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint printed on verso., Buff curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Creator
Kilburn, B. W. (Benjamin West), 1827-1909
Date
c1891
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Kilburn - Religion [P.9047.128]
Masonic Temple and M.E. Church, Phila.
Title
Masonic Temple and M.E. Church, Phila
Description
View looking south showing buildings on the east side of Broad Street near Arch Street, including the Surgical Institute, Eastern Division (northeast corner of Broad and Arch Streets), the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (1344-48 Arch, built 1869-70, Addison Hutton, architect) and Masonic Temple (1-33 North Broad, built 1868-73, James H. Windrim, architect). In the foreground, an unhitched coach and dray sit on Broad Street near a utility pole and ladder. The first floor skeleton of City Hall is partially visible in the background., Title on negative., Publisher's imprint on mount., Yellow curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Date
[ca. 1876]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - De Young's Palace Dollar Store [P.9047.9]
Methodist Episcopal Church and Masonic Temple.
Title
Methodist Episcopal Church and Masonic Temple
Description
View looking south from the sidewalk in front of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts showing buildings on the east side of Broad Street near Arch Street, including the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (1344-48 Arch, built 1869-70, Addison Hutton, architect) and Masonic Temple (1-33 North Broad, built 1868-73, James H. Windrim, architect). In the foreground, a broadside advertising PAFA's exhibition of "engravings, etchings, and mezzotints" stands on the sidewalk and a sign advertising "Dying Lioness, the bronze group," hangs from a nearby building. Also shows a construction site with unhitched coaches and drays across the street. The skeleton of the lower levels of City Hall is partially visible in the background., Title from printed series list on verso. Includes two other series, "Philadelphia Centennial Views" and "Miscellaneous."Printed on verso: Philad'a Stereo. Publishing Company., Publisher's imprint on mount., Orange curved mount with rounded corners., Purchased by the Fairmount Park Art Association, the Dying Lioness statue group arrived in Philadelphia in the fall of 1875, before it was installed on the Centennial Exhibition grounds. It moved to the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens entrance after the fair., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Date
[ca. 1876]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Fleischner - Religion [P.9117.1]
M.E. Church Broad and Arch Sts., Philada.
Title
M.E. Church Broad and Arch Sts., Philada
Description
Exterior views of the church constructed 1869-70 after designs by Addison Hutton, including one looking southeast on Broad Street at the north and west elevations of the church and the other looking northwest from a construction site, with a horse-drawn dray, in front of Masonic Temple. Both views include the west front of the adjacent Masonic Temple built 1868-1873 after the designs of James H. Windrim, the cobblestone tree-lined street in the foreground and the liquor store operated by Charles P. Collins at the northeast corner of Broad and Arch Streets., Title on mounts., Photographer's imprint on mounts., Yellow mounts with rounded corners., Charles P. Collins moved his liquor business from 1627 Market Street to the northwest corner of Broad and Arch Streets in 1872., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., P.9047.56 gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
[ca. 1872]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Cremer - Religion [P.9047.56 and P.9135]
[Chestnut Street, west from Seventh Street, north side, Philadelphia]
Title
[Chestnut Street, west from Seventh Street, north side, Philadelphia]
Description
View showing the north side of the 700 block of Chestnut Street. Businesses include: Joseph Monier, bookbinder and printer (Chestnut and Seventh); Washington Hotel (711 Chestnut); and the Masonic Hall (713-721 Chestnut), built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart and razed by fire in 1886. Also includes partial view of Girard Fire Insurance Company (639 Chestnut) and signage for the The One Dollar Store, variety store, on the south side of the block., Attributed to Robert Newell., Unmounted half of stereoview., Title supplied by cataloguer., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Newell, Robert, 1822-1897, photographer
Date
ca. 1870
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Newell - Streets [(7)1322.F.59a]
Chestnut Street - east from Continental Hotel.
Title
Chestnut Street - east from Continental Hotel
Description
Rooftop view looking east from the Continental Hotel at the southeast corner of Ninth and Chestnut streets. Shows the 800-700 blocks of Chestnut Street, predominately storefronts on the north side, including Sharpless Brothers, wholesale wools & dry goods (801-803 Chestnut); a billiard saloon (N.E. cor. Eighth & Chestnut); the Masonic Temple (built 1855, 713-721 Chestnut); Marxsen & Witte, china and glass (713 Chestnut); and signage attached to a dry goods business advertising a "Grand Closing Sale.", Photographer's imprint printed on mount., Title printed on mount., Yellow mount with rounded corners., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Simons, M. P. (Montgomery P.), photographer
Date
ca. 1874
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Simons - Streets [P.8497.3]
Chestnut Street from Eighth to Seventh north side.
Title
Chestnut Street from Eighth to Seventh north side
Description
View showing the north side of the 700 block of Chestnut Street. Includes the Washington House hotel (711 Chestnut), the Masonic Hall (713-721 Chestnut), built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart and razed by fire in 1886, and Horstmann and Bros.'s military goods and trimmings store (723 Chestnut Street, 1858 to 1861). Street traffic includes: a horse-drawn cart, a horse-drawn carriage, and a horse-drawn omnibus., Attributed to Henry B. Odiorne., Pale yellow mount with square corners., Title from manuscript note on verso., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook., Reproduced in Kenneth Finkel's Nineteenth-century photography in Philadelphia (New York: Dover Publication, Inc. in cooperation with The Library Company of Philadelphia, 1980), plate 228., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Odiorne, Henry B., 1805-1860, photographer
Date
ca. 1859
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Odiorne - Streets [(8)1322.F.25f]
View from State House.
Title
View from State House
Description
Panoramic view showing the north side of the the 600 block of Chestnut Street, including the office buildings constructed for patent medicine manufacturer Dr. David Jayne. Includes Rockhill & Wilson, clothiers (603-605 Chestnut); the Bulletin Building (607 Chestnut, built 1866); the Jayne Office Building known as the Commonwealth Building (611-613 Chestnut); Jayne's Marble Building (615-619 Chestnut, built 1860); and Jayne's Hall (625-631 Chestnut, built 1856). Visible on the 700 block is a sign for "Greene's" and the front facade of the old Masonic Hall (713-721 Chestnut, built 1852-1853)., Yellow mount with rounded corners., Title printed on mount below image., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Date
[ca. 1875]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - unidentified - Views [P.9644.27]
North Broad St., Phil., PA.
Title
North Broad St., Phil., PA
Description
View looking south from below Race Street to City Hall on Penn Square. East side of street shows a partial view of the Masonic Temple (completed 1873 after the designs of James Hamilton Windrim), Odd Fellows Hall (built 1893), and the store of Thomas B. Wanamaker's (son of John Wanamaker). West side of the street shows the First Baptist Church (built 1856 after the designs of Stephen Button), the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (completed 1876 after the designs of Furness & Hewitt), and the manufactory "Heywood Bros & Co. Wholesale Chair & Ratan Furniture Warerooms." Shows City Hall (completed 1901) with an incomplete tower (constructed 1884-1896) in the background. Horse-drawn carriages travel and park on the sides of the street. Pedestrians walk the sidewalks., Photographer's imprint printed on mount., Copyrighted by Alfred S. Campbell, Elizabeth, N.J., U.S.A., Buff mount with rounded corners., Title inscribed in negative., Gift of Robert M. Vogel., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Campbell, Alfred S.
Date
[ca. 1893]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Campbell - Streets - Broad [P.9047.130]
[Masonic Hall, Chestnut Street below Eighth, Philadelphia] [graphic].
Title
[Masonic Hall, Chestnut Street below Eighth, Philadelphia]
Description
View looking east from below Eighth Street showing the Masonic Hall at 713-721 Chestnut. The hall, built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart, was razed by fire in 1886. Shows adjacent and tenant businesses, including Marxsen & Witte, china and glass (713 Chestnut); H. A. Osterle & Co., trimmings; and Marvin & Co., safes (721 Chestnut)., Title supplied by cataloguer., Yellow paper mount with square corners., Attributed to Bartlett & French., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, with edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of Philadelphia., Reproduced in The Print and Photograph Department of the Library Company of Philadelphia's Center City Philadelphia in the 19th century (Portsmouth, N.H.: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), p. 83., Arcadia caption text: In 1855 the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania opened a new hall on the north side of the 700 block of Chestnut Street, the site of an earlier Masonic Hall. The Masons occupied the top three floors of the Gothic brownstone building, designed by Philadelphia architect and Mason Samuel Sloan, and rented the first floor out to commercial tenants. Initial enthusiasm for the building faded quickly as problems with water in the basement and poorly ventilated rooms became apparent. By the time of this c. 1868 view, a Masonic committee had described the building as “a gross failure both in its plan and its construction.”, Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Bartlett & French, photographer
Date
[ca. 1868]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Bartlett & French - Associations [(8)1322.F.27b]
Masonic Temple dedication parade, September 26, 1873.
Title
Masonic Temple dedication parade, September 26, 1873
Description
Views looking north on Broad Street showing parade participants and spectators on the day of the temple's dedication including partial views of the west front of the temple built 1868-1873 after the designs of Freemason and Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim to accommodate the local lodge's increasing membership. Also shows other buildings and businesses north of the temple on Broad Street, including Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church built 1869-1870 after designs by Addison Hutton. One rooftop view from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts shows a sign on the west side of the block reading "Carriage" (McLear & Kendall's carriage factory) and one for "Convery's Coal Yard" (Alexander Convery & Co.) on the east side of Broad street near Cherry Street., Labels on versos contain printed description and history of Masonic Temple in paragraph form surmounted by a vignette of the state seal of Pennsylvania., Yellow mounts with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., P.9047.68 and P.9047.70 gift of Robert M. Vogel.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
September 26, 1873
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Cremer - Processions [P.9047.68; P.9047.70; P.9168.19; P.9260.39-41]
The city of brotherly love.
Title
The city of brotherly love
Description
Bird's eye view from City Hall tower looking north showing the cityscape surrounding Broad Street. Identifiable buildings include Masonic Temple (1-33 North Broad, built 1868-1873, James H. Windrim, architect); the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (1344-1348 Arch, built 1869, Addison Hutton, architect); First Baptist Church (northwest cor. Broad and Arch, built 1856, Stephen Decatur Button, architect); Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (118-126 North Broad, built 1872-76, Furness & Hewitt, architects); Offenbach's Garden, carriage depository or bazaar, formerly the site of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Depot (southeast corner of Broad and Cherry Streets); cyclorama building that displayed the Battle of Gettyburg in the early 1890s (northeast corner of Broad and Cherry Streets); Hahnemann Medical College (230 North Broad); and Roman Catholic High School (301-313 North Broad, built 1890, Edwin Forrest Durang, architect). Horse-drawn vehicles on Broad Street are also visible., Title printed on mount., Photographer's imprint printed on verso., Buff curved mount with rounded corners., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Gift of J.F. Dallet.
Creator
Kilburn, B. W. (Benjamin West), 1827-1909
Date
c1891
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Kilburn - Views [P.9418.2]
Views of construction of New City Building, Philadelphia, John McArthur, Jr., architect.
Title
Views of construction of New City Building, Philadelphia, John McArthur, Jr., architect
Description
Progress photographs of the early construction of City Hall built 1871-1901 on Penn Square after the designs of John McArthur, Jr. Photographs show different stages of the construction of the foundation and lower floor of the building between 1873 and 1875. Includes images of the dirt sub-basement; construction materials, equipment, and workers; and partially completed walls and abutments. Several of the views include scaffolding; horse-drawn carts; pulleys; piles of construction debris; and workers and well-dressed men, probably the commissioners, reviewing and posed on or near constructed parts of the building and construction materials. Views also show surrounding cityscape, including the west and south elevations of Masonic Temple (Broad and Filbert); the Pennsylvania Railroad freight depot (13th and Market); the towers of the gothic-style St. John the Evangelist Church (23-25 South 13th); West Penn Square Academy (s.w. corner of Market and Merrick); the spire of the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (s.w. corner Broad and Arch); La Salle College High School (n.e. corner Broad and Filbert); and dwellings facing Penn Square. Also shows broadsides posted to the fence surrounding the construction site advertising Pugh & Creauthers furniture manufacturers and dealers (228 So. 2nd St.); Fox's New American Theatre; Arion Pianos (1308 Chestnut); and Secor Sewing Machines (Eighth and Walnut)., Six are from the Views of construction in sub-basement series and eight are from the Views of construction series., Series titled "Views of construction in sub-basement" (P.9840.3-7) copyrighted 1873 by James Cremer., Photographer's imprint on mounts., Dates on versos., Printed text on versos list names of architects and the Board of Commissioners., Yellow mounts with rounded corners., See also albums - Cremer [(1)23455.D and (2)23455.D], Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., From 1873 to 1875, Cremer documented the construction of Philadelphia's City Hall in a series of stereographs produced for the Commissioner for the Erection of the Public Building.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
December 1873-September 1875
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Cremer - Construction [P.9006.1-8; P.9079.5; P.9840.3-7]
Photographic views of New City Building
Title
Photographic views of New City Building
Description
Albums of progress photographs of the early construction of City Hall built 1871-1901 on Penn Square after the designs of John McArthur, Jr. Photographs show different stages of the construction of the foundation and lower floor of the building between 1873 and 1875. Includes images of the dirt sub basement; construction materials, equipment, and workers; aerial views of the built foundation; partially completed walls and abutments; and studio views of columns and architectural ornaments. Several of the views include scaffolding; horse-drawn carts; pulleys; piles of construction debris; Pennsylvania Railroad cars on Market Street; and workers and well-dressed men, probably the commissioners, reviewing and posed on or near constructed parts of the building and construction materials. Views also show surrounding cityscape, including the Masonic Temple (Broad and Filbert); United States Mint (1331-1337 Chestnut Street); the Seventh Presbyterian Church (Broad Street above Chestnut Street); Pennsylvania Railroad Freight Depot (13th and Market); La Salle College High School (Filbert and Juniper); Sharpless & Watts, flooring tile (1325 Market Street); the spires of Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church (s.w. cor. Broad & Arch) and First Baptist Church (n.w. cor. Broad and Arch); and other surrounding businesses (beer hall, wall paper, and furniture) and residences., Volume 1 (Oct. 1873-Aug. 1874) contains two tipped in letters, dated December 26, 1873 and June 27, 1874, from President of the Commissioners for the Erection of the Public Buildings Samuel C. Perkins. Correspondence presents the stereographs, "authorized to be taken by the commissioners," as a means for the library to "have for preservation in [the] archives a complete photographic record of the progress of a work which under any aspect must be considered as of marked importance in our local history.", Stereographs numbered, dated, and printed with the series title "Views of Construction in Sub-Basement" or "Views of Construction" and the names of the architect, chief assistant, and board of commissioners on the verso., Calf bindings, polished and mottled., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Volume 1 image reproduced in The Print and Photograph Department of the Library Company of Philadelphia's Center City Philadelphia in the 19th century (Portsmouth, N.H.: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), p. 116., Samuel C. Perkins, a Philadelphia lawyer, served as president of the Commissioners for the Erection of the Public Buidlings 1872-1891., Housed in phase boxes.
Creator
Cremer, James, 1821-1893
Date
1873-1875
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department albums - Cremer [(1) 23455.D & (2) 23455.D]
Chestnut Street east of Eighth St.
Title
Chestnut Street east of Eighth St
Description
View looking east from below Eighth Street showing the Masonic Hall at 713-721 Chestnut. The hall, built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart, was razed by fire in 1886. Shows adjacent businesses, including Marxsen & Witte, china and glass (713 Chestnut); James E. Brown, trunk manufacturer (708 Chestnut); Crittenden's Philadelphia Commercial College (7th and Chestnut); Charles Dumming & Co., musical instruments (633 Chestnut); Farrel & Herring, fire-proof safe manufacturers (629 Chestnut); and a cafe. Also includes signage advertising Willis P. Hazard, bookseller and publisher (724 Chestnut), and L. Feigle, millinery (722 Chestnut), in the lower right corner of the image. Several pedestrians walk on the sidewalks and horse-drawn carriages and wagons travel the streets., Title from accompanying photographer's label., Yellow mount with square corners., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Stereoview incorrectly identified as "East of 7th St." on photographer's label., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Newell, Robert, 1822-1897
Date
[ca. 1863]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Newell - Associations [(8)1322.F.25n]
Masonic Hall, Chestnut Street below Eighth. [graphic].
Title
Masonic Hall, Chestnut Street below Eighth
Description
Views looking east from below Eighth Street showing the Masonic Hall at 713-721 Chestnut. The hall, built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart, was razed by fire in 1886. Shows adjacent and tenant businesses, including Marxsen & Witte, china and glass (713 Chestnut); Marvin & Co., safes (721 Chestnut); E.H. Godshalk, carpets (723 Chestnut); and Wood & Cary, straw goods (725 Chestnut). Also includes views of signs on the south side of the block including the sign for Willis P. Hazard, bookseller and publisher (724 Chestnut)., Attributed to Bartlett & French., Title from labels pasted on mount and verso., Yellow mounts with rounded corners., One image originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of Philadelphia., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Bartlett & French was a partnership between Philadelphia photographers George O. Bartlett and William French circa 1867-1868.
Creator
Bartlett & French, photographer
Date
ca. 1868
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Bartlett & French - Associations [(8)1322.F.27a; P.9260.8]
Masonic Hall Ches[t]nut Street, Penna.
Title
Masonic Hall Ches[t]nut Street, Penna
Description
View looking east from below Eighth Street showing the Masonic Hall at 713-721 Chestnut. The hall, built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart, was razed by fire in 1886. Shows adjacent businesses, including: Marxsen & Witte, china and glass (713 Chestnut); James E. Brown, trunk manufacturer, (708 Chestnut); Crittenden's Philadelphia Commercial College (7th and Chestnut); Charles Dumming & Co., musical instruments (633 Chestnut); Farrel & Herring, fire-proof safe manufacturers (629 Chestnut); and a cafe. Also includes a view of signs advertising Willis P. Hazard, bookseller and publisher (724 Chestnut) and L. Feigle, millinery (722 Chestnut). Several pedestrians walk on the sidewalks and horse-drawn carriages and wagons travel the streets., Title from accompanying photographer's label., Yellow mount with square corners., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Newell, Robert, 1822-1897
Date
[ca. 1863]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Newell - Associations [(8)1322.F.25g]
Masonic Hall
Title
Masonic Hall
Description
View looking east from below Eighth Street showing the Masonic Hall at 713-721 Chestnut Street. The hall, built 1853-1855 after the designs of Sloan & Stewart, was razed by fire in 1886. Shows adjacent businesses, including Marxsen and Witte, china and glass (713 Chestnut); James E. Brown, trunk manufacturer (708 Chestnut); Crittenden's Philadelphia Commercial College (7th and Chestnut); Charles Dumming & Co., musical instruments (633 Chestnut); Farrel & Herring, fire-proof safe manufacturers (629 Chestnut); and a cafe. Also includes a view of signage advertising L. Feigle, millinery (722 Chestnut); several pedestrians walking on the sidewalks; and horse-drawn wagons traveling in the street. Many of the buildings are adorned with American flags., Photographer and publication information from complementary stereoview. [(8)1322.F.25n]., Title from manuscript note on verso., Yellow mount with square corners., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Creator
Newell, Robert, 1822-1897
Date
[ca. 1863]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - Newell - Associations [7992.F.4]
[Plate 11 and advertisements from Rae's Philadelphia pictorial directory & panoramic advertiser. Chestnut Street, from Second to Tenth Streets]
Title
[Plate 11 and advertisements from Rae's Philadelphia pictorial directory & panoramic advertiser. Chestnut Street, from Second to Tenth Streets]
Description
Plate showing a section of the 700 block (166-213 pre consolidation) of Chestnut Street. South side includes Mrs. M. Burke’s Millenery [sic] Rooms and Winchester & Scott, Gentlemen’s Furnishing Store (172); Cornelius & Co., Gas Fixtures (176); Willis P. Hazard, Cheap Book Store (178); and McClees & Germon, Daguerreotype Rooms and Jos. S. Natt, Looking Glasses (182). North side includes the Masonic Hall (built 1808-1811 after the designs of William Strickland) and tenant businesses, including D. A. Warden, Pianos, Melodeons, [A. D. K.] Moore, Fancy Stationery, and A. Hildebrandt, Fancy Baskets & Toys (225); Washington House hotel with offices of the proprietor A. F. Glass (221-223); china ware importers Tyndale & Mitchell (219); Geo. W. Ward, Gentleman’s Furnishings Store (217); Sturdivant’s House hotel (215); and Warne’s Rifle & Pistol Gallery (213). Also shows the Warne façade adorned with a sign illustrated with the figure of a man pointing to the left., Advertisements promote twelve of the businesses depicted, including McClees & Germon who advertise "The increased width of the street, occasioned by the recess formed by the Masonic Hall, (which is directly opposite) and a front almost entirely of glass, give facilities for an operating room on the Second Floor, with a North light, (the most pleasant, effective and certain of all others, where a sufficiency can be obtained,) possessed by no other establishment of the city…." Several of the advertisements contain ornamented type and two contain illustrations depicting a man pointing (Warne’s) and a man’s shirt (Ward’s Improved Pattern, Warranted to Fit)., Title supplied by cataloger., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Folder 12., LCP also holds trimmed duplicates depicting North side [P.2008.34.16.7 and (1)1322.F.274] and trimmed duplicate depicting South side [P.2008.34.16.9].
Creator
Rae, Julio H.
Date
[1851]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department albums - Rae - Folder 12 [*Am 1851 Rae, 2975.Q]
The game of Philadelphia buildings
Title
The game of Philadelphia buildings
Description
Card game containing fifty-three cards depicting landmarks and historic and well-known sites in the city. Cards depict (1) State House; (2) Carpenter's Hall; (3) Christ Church; (4) Old Swedes' Church; (5) Bartram's House; (6) Franklin's Grave; (7) University of Pennsylvania; (8) Pennsylvania Hospital; (9) Academy of Natural Science; (10) Franklin Institute; (11) Historical Society of Pennsylvania; (12) Academy of Music; (13) Academy of Fine Arts; (14) Mint (Chestnut and Juniper); (15) Girard College; (16) Custom House; (17) Old Stock Exchange; (18) Cramps' Ship Yard; (19) William Penn's Cottage; (20) Masonic Temple; (21) Odd Fellows' Hall; (22) Reading Terminal; (23) Pennsylvania R.R. station; (24) Union League; (25) Art Club; (26) Mercantile Club; (27) Memorial Hall; (28) Horticultural Hall; (29) Betsy Ross House; (30) Entrance to Zoological Garden; (31) Post Office; (32) Fairmount Water Works; (33) Philadelphia Library; (34) Ridgway Library; (35) New Horticultural Hall; (36) Chestnut Street Theater; (37) Chestnut Street Opera House; (38) Century Club; (39) Twelfth Street Meeting House; (40) Synagogue Rodef Shalom; (41) Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul; (42) High School for Girls; (43) Normal School for Girls; (44) High School for Boys; (45) Bourse; (46) Baldwin Locomotive Works; (47) Drexel Institute; (48) Mary J. Drexel Home; (49) Pennsylvania School of Industrial Art; (50) St. George's Hall; (51) St. Peter's Church; (52) City Hall; and (53) [National Export Exposition Building]., Images include statuary; grave stones; site visitors; partial views of adjacent buildings; lampposts; street and pedestrian traffic, including horse-drawn carriages and street cars; signage, broadsides, and posters; window awnings; electrical lines; and trees. Majority of images are reproductions of photographs, except images of Cramp's Ship Yard, High School for Boys, Baldwin Locomotive Works, and the National Export Exposition Building, which are after prints., Publication date based on statement on box cover "Title copyright by Miss Mary S. Holmes 1899.", Box cover contains halftone photomechanical print showing Independence Hall on the 500 block of Chestnut Street. Also shows neighboring buildings, including Congress Hall and the roof of the Public Ledger Building. Vignette of the seal of Philadelphia is visible in the lower left corner., Accompanied by photostat of the rules to play the game and "Key to the Pictures" (1-52), including addresses and years of completion for the sites, signed "Copyrighted by Mary S. Holmes. December, 1898. The Billstein Co., Philadelphia.", Prints numbered in lower left corner, as well as labeled with a letter and sequential number in lower right corner. Letter and sequential number are absent on Card No. 53., Mary S. Holmes was most likely the Philadelphia educator with memberships in the Philadelphia Geographical Society and Teachers' Photographic Association. In the 1890s, she taught at Girls High School and Commerical High School for Girls. She later served as the principal for the Germantown High School for Girls., Cataloging funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012., Housed in phase box.
Date
[1899]
Location
Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department albums - Game [8188.F]