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Title: [The Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, aged eighteen]
Description: Full-length portrait of the conjoined twins Chang and Eng Bunker standing outdoors on grass. Shows the young men barefooted and attired in matching Thai clothing consisting of brown caps, brown tunics, and blue, striped pants. The tunics are open in the front revealing the band of skin and flesh that joined them at the chest. Chang has his right arm around Eng's shoulder, and Eng holds his hand. Eng has his left hand on Chang's waist, and Chang holds his hand. Chang and Eng Bunker were born as conjoined twins in Thailand (formerly known as Siam) to parents of Chinese descent. Chang was positioned on their left, and Eng was on their right. Merchant Robert Hunter and Sea Captain Abel Coffin brought them to the United States in 1829, where they were exhibited as curiosities. The Bunkers left their managers and later toured independently. They purchased an estate in North Carolina. Eng married Sarah Yates, and Chang married her sister Adelaide Yates and together had twenty-one children., Title from a similiar print in the Wellcome Collection., Date inferred from medium and content., Gift of David Doret., Created postfreeze.
Date: [ca. 1830]
Location: Library Company of Philadephia | Print Department portrait prints - Bunker [P.2005.14.3]

Title: [B.L. Dai looking at books of the Nashi who inhabit the high mountains between China & Tibet several hundred years ago. Now in The Library of Congress]
Description: Photograph depicting B.L. Dai, attired in a suit and tie, standing in front of shelves of folio books at the Library of Congress's Oriental Division on Jan. 9, 1931. He holds open a book of pictographs, probably Dongba, the script of the Nashi language. The Nashi (or Nakhi, Naxi) people inhabit the foothills of the Himalayas., Title supplied by cataloger from manuscript note on verso: Books of the Nashi who inhabit the high mountains between China & Tibet several hundred years ago. Now in the Library of Congress., Corporate photographer and publisher from stamp on verso: This credit line should not be omitted, altered, or abbreviated: Underwood & Underwood Studios. This photograph is realeased for use in one publication only and must not be used for trade or advertising purposes, copied, loaned, syndicated or rented. Underwood & Underwood, Inc. 1230 Connecticut Ave, Washington, D.C., Label on the front, Underwood & Underwood, Washington., Identity of sitter from duplicate photograph in the collections of the Library of Congress., Retrospective conversion record: original entry, edited., Gift of William H. Allen.
Creator: Underwood & Underwood
Date: 1931
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department photo- Underwood & Underwood [P.8512.11]

Title: Columbia trading with all the world
Description: Allegorical print depicting "Columbia" (i.e., the United States) as a white woman with brown hair, on the deck of a ship. She holds a caduceus and disperses treasures from a horn of plenty held by "Wisdom," who is portrayed as a white woman attired in a helmet, armor, a skirt, and sandals. Wisdom holds a spear in her left hand and gives the treasures to three male figures representing the country's international trade partners. Figures depicted are: Africa as a Black man attired in a headpiece shaped like an elephant's head and leaning on a tusk of ivory; Asia as a bearded man with a light-brown color skin tone attired in a turban; and South America as a man in a feathered headpiece carrying a bow., Title from item., Date inferred from content., Possibly published in London and not the United States., Revised state. Previous title and imprint faintly visible and illegible below image., Gift of Dr. Mary DeWitt Pettit, 1965., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Date: [ca. 1789-ca. 1800]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *GC - Allegories [7737.F]

Title: Pennsylvania at the Panama Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915
Description: Photograph album containing twenty-seven captioned views of Pennsylvania's contributions to the world's fair held in San Francisco, February 20-December 4, 1915. A number of the images include persons and groups of people posed in front of the Liberty Bell, which traveled nation wide on train from Philadelphia to the fair. Photographs include: "Pennsylvania Building"; "Corner of the Pennsylvania Garden"; "Corner of the Pennsylvania Bldg showing Plaque"; "Mural Pennsylvania Bldg. Steel Industry, Edward Trumbull";"Mural Pennsylvania Bldg. Penn's Treaty, Edward Trumbull"; "The Chinese Commission to the Exposition" in front of the Liberty Bell; "Gentlemen's Rest Room" in the Pennsylvania Building; "Education Day, October 11. 1915" showing young girls attired in "stars and stripes" dresses dancing; "Education Day, October 11. 1915" showing a woman attired as "Liberty" surrounded by young girls attired in "stars and stripes" dresses and standing in front of the Liberty Bell; "Great Grand Daughter of Gen. Putnam" by the Liberty Bell; "Ex Gov. John K. Tenor delivering address Dedication Day, March 18, 1915"; "Vice Pres. Fairbanks delivering address Dedication Day; "Judge William Bailey Lamar U.S. Repr. delivering address Dedication Day"; "Mr. Thomas A. Edison" by Liberty Bell; "A group of Chinese girls" by Liberty Bell; "Mr. Henry Ford" by Liberty Bell; Pennsylvania "Governor Martin G. Brumbaugh and Official Party" by Liberty Bell; Pennsylvania "Governor Martin G. Brumbaugh delivering address Pennsylvania Day, September 4, 1915; "Senator E.L. Tustin delivering address Pennsylvania Day, September 4, 1915";, "Judge Win Bailey Lamar U.S. Repr. delivering address Pennsylvania Day"; "Vice Pres Ruben B. Hale of P.P.J.E. delivering address Pennsylvania Day"; "Senator Boies Penrose" at Liberty Bell; "Farwell to the Liberty Bell, November 10, 1915"; "Philadelphia Officers 'Guards to the Liberty Bell"; "Chief Little Bear" at Liberty Bell; "Arrival of the Liberty Bell at the Pennsylvania Bldg"; and "Arrival of the Liberty Bell at the Pennsylvania Bldg.", Photograph titled, "The Chinese Commission to the Exposition," depicts nine Chinese men and one white man posed in front of the Liberty Bell behind a metal barrier. The men are attired in suits, some holding bowler hats in their hands, except one older Chinese man who wears a white mustache and is attired in a changshan and a round hat. The Liberty Bell is decorated with flowers and sits on a platform draped in an American flag. Four flags, including two American flags, are on flagpoles flanking the bell. Partial view of men and women spectators in the background. Photograph titled, "A group of Chinese girls," depicts six Chinese women posed in front of the Liberty Bell. In the center, the Liberty Bell is displayed on a platform that is draped with an American flag. Two women sit on the platform, and four women stand. Five of the women are attired in white tunics with Mandarin collars, dark-colored skirts, and lace-up, heeled boots, and several of the women wear necklaces and brooches. The woman in the right is attired in a long-sleeved white shirt, a quilted, dark-colored tunic with a Mandarin collar and matching quilted pants, a bracelet, and lace-up, heeled boots., Title and date from manuscript note on first page of album., See related: Rau Collection [P.9520.1] and photo - unid. -events [P.9520.2-8].
Date: [1915]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department albums [P.2022.2]

Title: The Hunters three and O.N.T
Description: Circular promoting Clark Thread Company and depicting racist caricatures of African, Asian, and indigenous men. Volume also contains several lines of narrative, promotional text written as a children’s story. The front cover is a color illustration of three white "merry gentlemen" in Cololonial attire and riding on horseback as "they hunt and hunt." The men are attired in tri-corn hats; red jackets; white breeches with riding boots; and white wigs. They ride on a road towards the viewer. The figures are bordered with pictorial details of the Clark’s O.N.T trademark. The rider in the middle raised his hat with his hand. Image is reproduced in black and white on p. [2]. P. [3] shows the horsemen observe three white children standing before them whom they believe "...must be princes. They sew their clothes with O.N.T." P. [4] show the "gentlemen" observe from a distance three African Zulu men. The men drive a lion into a net made of O.N.T. thread. One man is nude except for a feather on his head and bangs a large drum labeled "Clark's O.N.T. spool thread." Another man is attired in a skirt made of palm leaves and carries a shield and arrows. A third man carries arrows and wears a feather on his head. P [5] shows the "hunters" "spy" "three happy Hottentots" who roll down a hill on large spools of Clark's thread in a "chariot race." The three African men have their hair in buns atop their heads and are attired in white shorts and hoop earrings. One man is also attired in a shell necklace, and two men hold spears. P. [6] shows the three men find a Chinese man flying a kite strung with O.N.T. thread thread and to which a Chinese boy is attached. He is seated on a rug with his back to the viewer. To his right is a pipe. His hair is styled in a queue, and he is attired in a white shirt with a vest decorated in a print of dragons and slip-on, cloth shoes., P. [7] shows the white men finding an Inuit man on a sled made from a Clark's spool and pulled over the ice by a team of dogs. The sled driver is attired in a hooded parka and boots. P. [8] the three riders encounter a Native American man reigning in a buffalo with O.N.T. thread. He is attired in knee-high boots; a patterned blanket draped around his chest; hoop earrings; and a feather headdress. P. [9] shows a view of the back of the three riders bordered by pictorial details of the Clark’s O.N.T trademark. The back cover is a color illustration of a white girl with long blonde hair attired in black boots; red stocking; a green dress; and a blue striped apron. She is seated on an oversize spool of O.N.T. thread and playing cat's cradle with a white boy. The boy is attired in a red fez; a green coat; blue stockings; and black boots. The George A. Clark & Brother Company, manufactory of embroidery and sewing thread, was founded in 1863 in Newark, N.J. The firm was renamed Clark & Co. in 1879, and in the 1880s created a six-cord, soft finished thread called "Our New Thread" or "O.N.T." The business merged with J. & P. Coats in 1896, which lead to a series of mergers with fourteen other companies. Into the 21st century, the company continues to manufacture thread under the name Coats & Clark., Title from item., Advertising text printed on verso of front cover: Use Clark's trade mark O.N.T. spool cotton on white spools! It is superior to all others for hand and machine use. Garments sewed with O.N.T. fast black will never show white on the seams after being worn or washed., Advertising text printed on verso of back cover: Use Marshall's linen thread on 200 yard spools. Guaranteed full length. Made from the bext flax, and Milward's Helix Needles in patent wrappers. For sale everywhere., Place of publication deduced from place of operation of advertised business., Date deduced from history of advertised business., Distributor's name printed on p. [1]: George A. Cole, sole agent., Gift of David Doret.
Date: [ca. 1880]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department Goldman Trade Card Collection - Clark [P.2017.95.31]

Title: Ethnographic tableau Specimens of various races of mankind
Description: Chart showing racist depictions of fifty-four, bust-length, portraits of men and one woman of different "races" from eight geographic regions to emphasize contrived differences in cranial characteristics. The “Geographical Distribution” includes I. Arctic, II. Asiatic, III. European, IV. African, V. American, VI. Polynesian, VII. Malayan, and VIII. Australian. With each region, six depictions of individuals of that race are shown, some facing forward and some in profile. Many of the individuals are depicted as racist stereotypes. Many are attired in hats, turbans, or headdresses custom to their country of origin. In the left, under the caption “Cranioscopic Examples,” nine different skulls in right profile are depicted. In the right, chart sections include “Mankind, Grouped Physiologically” and “Linguistic Distinctions.”, Title from item., Folded plate removed from Josiah C. Nott and George R. Gliddon's Indigenous races of the earth (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.; London: Trubner & Co., 1857) (LCP *Am 1857 Nott (1)2733.Q (Rush)). See "Explanations of the tableau" pages 618-638., Captions below images on recto: Artic: Eskimo, Tchucktchi, Koriak, Aleoutian, Aino, Samoyede. Asiatic: Kamtschadale, St. Laurent Islander, Tartar, Chinese, Kalmuck, Tuda. Euro[pean]: Finn, Icelander: Cuvier, Bulgarian, Greek, Caucasian. [Euro]Pean: Syrian, Arab, Fellah, Berber, Uzbek Tatar, Affghan (sic). African: Ababdee, Sahara Negro, Yeboo Negro, Mozambique Negro, Caffr, Hottentot. American: Kutchin Indian, Stone Indian, Ottoe Indian, Yucatan Indian, Boroa Indian, Fuegian. Polynesian: New Zealander, Samoa Islander, Tikopia Islander, Vanikoro Islander, Tana Islander, Viti Islander. Malayan: Malay, Javanese, Marianne Islander, Hindoo, Mintira, Negritto. Australian: North Australian, West, Australian, South Australian, Tasmanian, Tasmanians (Men, Women)., Bequest of Dr. James Rush, 1869., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Creator: Kramer, Peter, 1823-1907, artist
Date: 1857
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department ***BW-Natural history [(1)2733.Q.1]

Title: [Ralston family cased photograph collection]
Description: Collection of daguerreotype and ambrotype portraits, several by Norristown daguerreotypist William Stroud, portraying clergyman and founder of Oakland Female Institute James Grier Ralston, his wife Mary Anderson Larimore Ralston, their daughters, and his and his wife’s female siblings, and women teachers at the Institute. Contains bust-, half-, three-quarter, and full-length portraits of individual and pairs of sitters. Sitters are often seated, but a number of the portrait depicts sitters in a standing pose. The women’s and girl’s attire includes bonnets; off-the-shoulder bateau neckline dresses; high-neck, long-sleeved dresses with lace collars and cuffs; brooch and belt chatelaines; and earrings. Dresses worn by the female sitters are often a solid dark color, but occasionally are of a pattern design or light color. James Grier Ralston’s attire included broad bow ties, vests, jackets, and suits. Many of the images also contain props, including covered side tables, chairs, flowers, possibly an ambrotype, and a crumpled piece of cloth., Sitters in addition to James Grier Ralston and Mary Anderson Larimore Ralston include their daughters Anna Larimore Ralston, Ella Grier Ralston, Lilly Grier Ralston (who died at 11 months old), and Cora (Cara) Ralston; Institute music teacher Mrs. John Hunsicker, i.e., Fannie Henry Hunsicker (married by James G. Ralston); Mary’s sister and Institute graduate, Hetty Clark Larimore; and Institute teacher and sister of James, Agnes Caldwell Ralston; Institute graduate Martha (Mattie) Divine (Mrs. Fleming); and an unidentified woman., Posed portrait pairs include images of Mary Anderson Larimore Ralston and daughter Anna Larimore Ralston (P.2012.5.6) in which Anna sits in Mary’s lap with her mother’s hand on her head; and Anna Larimore Ralston and Ella Grier Ralston (P.2012.5.8) which Anna stands next to Ella who sits on a chair, while she rests her arm on a covered side table adorned with a basket of flowers; Anna Larimore Ralston and Fanny Hunsicker (P.2012.5.16) in which Fanny, seated, has her one hand at her hip and her other hand and arm around the waist of Anna who stands; and Hetty Clark Larimore and Mary Larimore Ralston (p.2012.5.17) in which the women are seated, side by side, and Hetty holds a bound object, possibly an ambrotype and Mary holds a crumpled white cloth., Title supplied by cataloger., Date inferred from photographic medium and age and attire of sitters., Photographers include William Stroud (Norristown, Pa.) and Theodore L. Chase (Philadelphia, Pa.)., Various-shaped mats, including oval, elliptical, double elliptical, and non pareil., Various colored pads, including blue, red, and maroon velvet or silk, several with embossing. Embossings include photographer’s imprints and/or imagery. Imagery includes floral and geometric designs, scroll work, and eagles., Primarily leather cases, and one thermoplastic case. Case designs vary, but are predominantly rose and mixed flower designs, in addition to geometric, scroll, and quatrefoil designs. Designs also include Pressed Flower, plate 154; The Delicate Roses, variant, plate 123; A Spray of Roses, plate 131; Mixed Garden Flowers, plate 133; Two Lilies, variant, see plate 112 and 113 in American miniature case art by Floyd and Marion Rinhart (Cranbury, New Jersey: A.S. Barnes and Co., Inc., 1969)., Majority of sitters identified by accompanying slips of paper with manuscript notes., Several of the images contain pink tinting on the cheeks of the sitters., P.2012.5.4, P.2012.5.8, P.2012.5.11-15, P.2012.5.21 contains daguerrean's imprint on pad or inside rim of case. Various imprints include: William Stroud, Norristown; William Stroud's Skylight Gallery, Norristown, Pa.; Stroud’s Ambrotypes Norristown, Pa., P.2012.5.6 contains dagurrean's imprint on pad: Theodore L. Chase, N.E. cor. Chestnut & Fifth Sts., Fannie Henry Hunsicker was a woman of Chinese descent. Official records are conflicting as to whether she was born in China, at sea, or in Connecticut., Several of the images contain weeping glass deterioration, tarnished plates, or other damage., Inventory of collection available at repository., See Sarah Weatherwax, "Revealing the Ralston Family," The Daguerreian Society Quarterly (July-September 2021), p. 3-6., Clergyman James Grier Ralston (1815-1880) founded Oakland Female Institute in 1845 in Norristown, Pa. Ralston studied at the Theological Seminary at Princeton and headed the Female Seminary at Oxford, Chester Country, PA before establishing Oakland. He married Mary A. Larimore (1822-1891) in 1842 and they had four children Anna L. (1848-1902), Ella M.(1847-1924), Lillie G. (1852-1853) and Cara G. (1856-1928), with Lillie dying in infancy. Ralston’s children were educated and/or taught at Oakland, as did his sister Agnes C. Ralston. The Institute operated until 1880 and the death of Ralston
Date: [ca. 1845-ca. 1855]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department cased photos - Ralston Family [P.2012.5.1-22]

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