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Title: Commerce des Esclaves
Description: Two male slaves, who are bound together at the ankle, are bought by a European slave-trader. The figure to the left is most likely an African slave-trader. The man smokes a pipe and holds a small child by the hand. In the lower left-hand corner, a woman grinds corn ("coscou") with a mortar and pestle. An infant is tied to her back. Behind the group, three slaves paddle a small boat on the ocean ("comme les Negres rament de bout"). A larger vessel, possibly a slave-ship, is visible in the background., Plate in François Froger's Relation d'un voyage fait en 1695, 1696 & 1697: aux côtes d'Afrique, détroit de Magellan, Brezil, Cayenne & isles Antilles, par une escadre des vaisseaux du roy, commandée par M. de Gennes (A Paris: Imprimée par les soins & aux frais du sieur de Fer, geographe de Monseigneur le dauphin. Dans l'isle du Palais, sur le quay de l'Horloge, à la Sphere royale: Et chez G. Saugrain dans la grande salle du Palais, à la Croix d'or., M.DC.XCVIII. [1698]), p. 16., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Inselin, C., engraver
Date: [1698]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1698 Froge 578.D p 16, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2662

Title: Section of a slave ship
Description: Plate includes three diagrams of a slave-ship. Top diagram is a cross-section of the ship's hold, viewed from the side. The small, shallow space in which slaves were transported lies between the deck and the main body of the hold. Diagram at the left is a detail of this space with its dimensions. (It was 3 feet, 5 inches in height.) Detail illustrates the manner in which slaves were packed into the ship, one next to another, with barely enough room to sit upright. Bottom diagram is an aerial view of the ship's deck with its dimensions., Plate at the front of Matthew Carey's Letters on the Colonization Society: And on its Probable Results; under the Following Heads . . . Addressed to the Hon. C.F. Mercer (Philadelphia: E.G. Dorsey, printer [May 30, 1838])., The caption below the image reads: "From Walsh's Notes of Brazil.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Car 75256.O plate I, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2769

Title: Group of Negroes as imported to be sold for slaves
Description: Engraving was done after one of John Gabriel Stedman's own drawings; it shows a procession of slaves that he encountered during his travels in Surinam. Of the group, Stedman wrote, "They were a drove of newly-imported negroes, men and women, with a few children, who were just landed from on board a Guinea ship that lay anchor in the roads, to be sold for slaves. The whole party was such a set of scarcely animated automatons, such a resurrection of skin and bones, as forcibly reminded me of the last trumpet. These objects appeared that moment to be risen from the grave, or escaped from Surgeon's Hall; and I confess I can give no better description of them, than by comparing them to walking skeletons covered over with a piece of tanned leather." (vol. 1, p. 200) Stedman eventually continued, "Before these wretches, which might be in all about sixty in number, walked a sailor, and another followed behind with a bamboo-rattan; the one serving as a shepherd to lead them along, and the other as his dog to worry them occasionally, should any one lag behind, or wander away from the flock." (vol. 1, p. 200) He noted, however, that despite their condition, the slaves' facial expressions betrayed little dejectedness -- a point reflected in Blake's engraving., Plate XXII in John Gabriel Stedman's Narrative, of a five year's expedition, against the revolted Negroes of Surinam, in Guiana, on the wild coast of South America; from the year 1772 to 1777 (London: Printed for J. Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, & J. Edwards, Pall Mall, 1796), vol. 1, p. 200., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Blake, William, 1757-1827, engraver
Date: [between 1791 and 1796]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1796 Sted 755.Q v 1 p 200, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2695

Title: Vue de Ben dans le pays de Cayor près Gorée
Description: Engraving is set in the village of Ben in the Kingdom of Cayor (Senegal). Armed with swords, long spears, and other weapons, African slave-traders capture a mother and her three small children. In the background, two traders attack another village resident. The image includes villagers' cottages, and the central scene is framed by elements of the lush, hilly landscape., Double-page illustration in René Geoffroy de Villeneuve's L'Afrique, ou Histoire, meours, usages et coutumes des africains: Le Sénégal (Paris: Nepveu, libraire, passage des Panoramas, no. 26, 1814), vol. 3, p. 56., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1814]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri R.G.V. 65954.D v 3 p 56, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2928

Title: Slave market at Rio de Janeiro
Description: Image shows Val Longo, the slave-market of Rio, of which Callcott wrote the following: "Almost every house in this very long street is a depôt for slaves. On passing by the doors this evening, I saw in most of them long benches placed near the walls, on which rows of young creatures were sitting, their heads shaved, their bodies emaciated, and the marks of recent itch upon their skins. In some places the poor creatures were lying on mats, evidently too sick to sit up. At one house the half-doors were shut, and a group of boys and girls, apparently not above fifteen years old, and some much under, were leaning over hatches, and gazing into the street with wondering faces." (p. 227) Following Callcott's description, Edward Finden's frontispiece shows two slave-traders selling children on the street. One of the men holds a boy's arm and head in an obviously rough manner; the other counts on his figures, as if calculating a price or negotiating a deal with the man standing in front of the group. To the right, another potential buyer inspects a sickly woman., Frontispiece from Lady Maria Callcott's Journal of a Voyage to Brazil, and Residence there, during Part of the Years 1821, 1822, 1823 (London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, Paternoster-Row; and J. Murray, Albemarle-Street, 1824)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Finden, Edward Francis, 1791-1857, engraver
Date: [1824]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1824 Callc 1889.Q frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2726

Title: La traite des noirs
Description: Image is set below the decks of a slave-ship during the middle passage. Most of the slaves wear chains and shackles on their wrists. Some try to sleep on the floor; others simply wait. In the center of the scene, a mother holds her infant child. The father buries his face in the mother's hair, and rests his hand on the shoulder of his older daughter., Engraving in Albert Laporte's Récits du vieux marins (Paris: Librairie Théodore Lefèvre et cie 2, rue des Poitevins, 1883?), p. 238., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Trichon, engraver
Date: [1883?]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1883 Lap 7206.Q (Lewis) p 238, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2833

Title: [Frontispiece for Histoire philosophique et politique]
Description: In the central foreground, a female slave is purchased by a European planter (left), who completes the transaction by giving a sack of coins to a slave merchant. Chained and shackled, the slave leans over and covers her face in despair. Behind her, several Europeans congregate in the tropical landscape. A vessel, presumably a slave-ship, is docked in the background., Frontispiece for Guillaume-Thomas-François Raynal's Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements & du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes (A Maestricht: Chez Jean-Edme Dufour & Philippe Roux, imprimeurs & libraires, associés, M.DCC.LXXVII [1777])., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Delaunay, Nicolas, 1739-1792, engraver
Date: 1773
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1777 Ray 62416.D frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2679

Title: A slave-ship
Description: Engraving shows two slave-traders as they throw a slave overboard. Two other slaves struggle in the ocean. This woodcut is a slightly altered version of the same scene appearing in "The Liberator," January 7, 1832. The original text notes the ship is a Brazilian slaver. Brazil collected duty on all imported slaves, and slave ship captains tossed sickly and likely unsalable slaves overboard before arrival to avoid paying the duty on them., Illustration in the Slave's Friend (New York: Published by R.G. Williams, for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1836), vol. 1, no. X (1836), p. 14-15., Image is accompanied by a poem, which begins as follows: "Oh! I have don a cursed deed, / The wretched man replies, / And night and day, and every where, / 'Tis still before my eyes.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Per S 63 54051.D v 1 n X p 14-15, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2887

Title: The nation's act
Description: A free black man who has been kidnapped is auctioned before a crowd of white bidders. A small black child sits on the auction block. In the background, other kidnapped free blacks wait to be sold into slavery. A building marked "JAIL" is visible in the distant background., Illustration in the American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839 (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838), p. 7., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1838 Ame Ant 16996.D.3 p 7, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2760

Title: [Scenes from Guinea]
Description: Three illustrations accompanying Taylor's discussion of Guinea. In figure 34, two Europeans try to kidnap an African family to sell them into slavery. Of this practice, Taylor wrote: "they [the Europeans] lie in wait near a village during the day, and catch any stragglers; but at night they come and set fire to their huts in several places; when the poor creatures run out in terror and confusion, then the soldiers seize upon all they can catch, and hurry them away to the sea-side, to sell them." (p. 62) Figure 35 shows the plan of a slave ship. Taylor described the conditions on board as follows, "only sixteen inches each, in width, are allowed for the men, and less still for women and children. There they lie, so close, that it is impossible to walk among them, without treading upon them." (p. 63) Figure 36 depicts slaves being sold at auction. Each slave, Taylor explained, was forced to stand on a hogshead, for easier inspection, while the planters offered their bids., Page of illustrations in Isaac Taylor's Scenes in Africa , for the Amusement and Instruction of Little Tarry-at-Home Travellers (New York: W.B. Gilley, 94 Broadway, 1827), p. 60., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1827]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1827 Taylor 101580.D p 60, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2729

Title: Insurrection on board a slave ship
Description: Lithograph was copied from an engraving originally published in Carl Bernhard Wadstrom's Essay on Colonization (London: Printed for the author, by Darton and Harvey, Gracechurch-Street, 1794-95). As the title suggests, the lithograph shows an insurrection aboard a slave ship. From the vantage point of a raised barricade near the ship's stern, the crew fires upon (what looks to be) hundreds of slaves crowded upon the deck. A number of slaves jump overboard. A cloud of smoke hovers over the British vessel., Illustration in William Fox's A Brief History of the Wesleyan Missions on the Western Coast of Africa (London: Printed for the author, published by Aylott and Jones, 8, Paternoster-Row: sold also by John Mason, 66, Paternoster-Row, MDCCCLI [1851]), p. 116., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Walton, W. L., lithographer
Date: [1851]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1851 Fox 12623.O p 116, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2786

Title: Inspection and sale of a Negro
Description: Scene is set in the town of Bangalang, near the modern city of Kambia in Sierra Leone. According to Théophile Conneau's narrative, the engraving shows the notorious slave-trader Jack Ormond as he inspects a slave for purchase. As Conneau explained, "As each negro was brought before him, Ormond examined the subject, without regard to sex, from head to foot. A careful manipulation of the chief muscles, joints, arm pits and groins was made, to assure soundness. The mouth, too, was inspected, and if a tooth was missing, it was noted as a defect liable to deduction. Eyes, voice, lungs, fingers and toes were not forgotten; so that when the negro passed from the Mongo's [i.e, "King of the River," Ormond's nickname] hands without censure, he might have been readily adopted as a good 'life' by an insurance company." (p. 94) To the left of the central pair, another European slave-trader (presumably the seller) sits on a crate, smoking a cigar as he watches the inspection. His book, the quill, and the ink-well suggest that he is prepared to record the day's transactions. To the right, another European trader converses with three African merchants, possibly members of the Mandingo tribe. The subject of their discussion may be the sale of goods in Africans' trunk., Illustrated plate in Théophile Conneau's Captain Canot; or, Twenty Years of an African Slaver (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 346 & 348 Broadway; London: 16 Little Britain, M.DCCC.LIV [1854]), p. 94., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Whitney, Jocelyn & Annin, engraver
Date: [1854]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1854 Can 10796.D p 94, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2797

Title: Sale of estates, pictures and slaves in the Rotunda, New Orleans
Description: As the title suggests, the engraving shows a large auction in the New Orleans Rotunda. At separate podiums, three auctioneers simultaneously take bids on a painting (left), a family of slaves (center), and a manuscript (right). In the foreground, several traders lean and sit casually on barrels and crates as they watch the slave auction. Bidders for the painting and manuscript look somewhat more genteel. The engraver's emphasis the light streaming though the Rotunda's oculus may represent an ironic commentary on the events taking place within it., Frontispiece for volume one of James Silk Buckingham's The Slave States of America (London; Paris: Fisher, Son, & Co. Newgate St. London; rue St. Honoré, Paris [1842])., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Starling, J. M., engraver
Date: [1842]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1842 Buc 10584.O v 1 frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2774

Title: The slave chain
Description: Engraving accompanies Part III ("Sojourn at Whydah") of Forbes's travel narratives. Whydah, now known as Ouidah, is a port-city in Benin that figured importantly in the 19th- century slave-trade. Set in front of a trading depot, the illustration shows a line of slaves who are chained together at the neck. Two European overseers crack their whips., Illustration in Frederick E. Forbes's Dahomey and the Dahomans: Being the Journey of Two Missions to the King of Dahomey, and his Residence at the Capital, in the Years 1849 and 1850 (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1851), vol. 1, p. 100., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1851]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Forbes 9727.D v 1 p 100, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2907

Title: Negres de traite en voyage
Description: Engraving shows several Africans being led from Senegal's interior to the coast, where they will be sold into slavery. Three Africans in the foreground wear forked branches around their necks. Such branches were commonly used in the African slave-trade, and appear frequently in depictions thereof. The branches were secured in back by an iron rod, which threatened to choke the wearer if he or she struggled or tried to escape., Illustration in Abel Hugo's France pittoresque ou Description pittoresque, topographique et statistique des départements et colonies de la France (A Paris: Chez Delloye, éditeur de la France militaire, place de la Bourse, rue des Filles-Saint-Thomas, 13, 1835), vol. 3, p. 270., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from Slave Life.
Creator: Lalemont, engraver
Date: [1835]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1835 Hugo 10039.Q v 3 p 270, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2742

Title: The Africans of the slave bark "Wildfire"
Description: Engraving shows the manner in which hundreds of African slaves were crowded on the deck of the "Wildfire," an American vessel captured off the northern coast of Cuba in April 1860. According to the accompanying text, the ship had left the Congo River thirty-six days before her capture, and had roughly five hundred Africans on board. The capture of the "Wildfire" was led by Lieutenant Craven of the United States steamer Mohawk. His experience was recounted in Harper's Weekly as follows: "Soon after the bark was anchored we repaired on boad, and on passing over the side saw, on the deck of the vessel, about four hundred and fifty native Africans, in a state of entire nudity, in a sitting or squatting posture, the most of them having their knees elevated so as to from a resting place for their head and arms. They sat very close together, mostly on either side of the vessel, forward and aft, leaving a narrow open space along the line of the centre for the crew of the vessel to pass to and fro. About fifty of them were full-grown young men, and about four hundred were boys aged from ten to sixteen years. It is said by persons acquainted with the slave-trade and who saw them, that they were generally in a very good condition of health and flesh, as compared with other similar cargoes, owing to the fact that they had not been so much crowded together on board as is common in slave voyages, and had been better fed than usual." (p. 344), Illustration in Harper's Weekly, vol. IV, no. 179 (June 2, 1860), p. 344., Caption underneath the image reads: "The slave deck of the bark 'Wildfire,' brought into Key West on April 30, 1860. -- [From a Daguerrotype.]", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Date: [June 1860]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare **Per H 1529.F v IV n 179 June 2 1860 p 344, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2651

Title: Scene in the slave pen at Washington
Description: Engraving portrays an episode described in Northup's narrative. After being kidnapped, Northup was held in Williams' slave pen in Washington City. There, he explained, he was beaten by James H. Burch, a well-known slave-dealer, and Radburn, his lackey. Burch is seen on the left, whipping Northup with a cat-o'-ninetails. ("The cat was a large rope of many strands -- the strands unraveled, and a knot tied at the extremity of each.") Describing the scene in his own words, Northup wrote, "As soon as these formidable whips appeared, I was seized by both of them, and roughly divested of my clothing. My feet, as has been stated, were fastened to the floor. Drawing me over the bench, face downwards, Radburn placed his heavy foot upon the fetters, between my wrists, holding them painfully to the floor. With the paddle, Burch commenced beating me." (p. 44), Illustration in Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1851, from a Cotton Plantation near the Red River, in Louisiana (Auburn and Buffalo [N.Y.]: Miller, Orton & Mulligan; London: Sampson Low, Son & Company, 1854), p. 44., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Punishment Scenes.
Creator: Orr, Nathaniel, engraver
Date: [1854]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1854 North 70438.O p 44, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2799

Title: Les Maures poursuivant les Nègres pour les faires Esclaves
Description: Riding on horseback and armed with swords, Moorish slave-catchers raid a village in search of slaves. As the village burns in the background, a slave-catcher pursues a fleeing man., Plate 31 in Jean Baptiste Léonard Durand's Atlas pour servir au Voyage du Sénégal (Paris: Dentu, 1807)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from Slave Life.
Creator: Demonchy, engraver
Date: [1807]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare *U Afri Dur 13032.Q plate 31, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2903

Title: [Rise and progress of abolition ; Instruments of bondage and torture]
Description: Abolitionist book illustration depicting a diagram of the author's "four classes of the forerunners and adjunctors" in the history of the abolition of the Transatlantic slave trade containing the names, religious and social groups, and events significant in the movement before 1787., Abolitionist book illustration depicting instruments used in the Transatlantic slave trade including handcuffs, ankle shackles, thumb screws, and a speculum orise which was used to force feed enslaved people., Title supplied by cataloger., Uncut plates from Thomas Clarkson's, The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade, by the British Parliament. Vol. I (Philadelphia: James P. Parke, 1808). (LCP Am 1808 Clar, 1934.D)., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of Civil War portraits. McAllister Collection, gift, 1886., Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Creator: Kneass, William, 1780-1840, engraver
Date: 1808
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *GC - Slavery [5755.F.17]

Title: [Plan and sections of a slave ship]
Description: Abolitionist book illustration used to illustrate the inhumane transit conditions for enslaved people during the midddle passage across the Atlantic. Depicts aerial, horizontal, and vertical cross sections of the multi-decked ship tightly packed with prostrate enslaved figures. The proportional diagram, based on the dimensions of the English slave ship, "Brooke," and space calculations, based on a report to the House of Commons in London in 1798, contains fewer figures than the number of humans routinely transported on the actual ship., Title from earlier plate in C.B. Wadstrom's An Essay on Colonization (London: C.B. Waldstrom, 1794). (LCP *U Afr Wads, 728.Q)., Plate from Thomas Clarkson's The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade, by the British Parliament. Vol. II (Philadelphia: James P. Parke, 1808). (LCP Am 1808 Clar, 1934.D)., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of Civil War portraits. McAllister Collection, gift, 1886., Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Creator: Kneass, William, 1780-1840, engraver
Date: [1808]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *GC-Slavery [5755.F.11]

Title: [Liberator masthead, 1831]
Description: As indicated by two signs, the vignette is set in a horse-market, and depicts an auction of "Slaves, Horses, & Other Cattle," complete with an auctioneer standing at a podium at the right. In the center of a small group consisting of slaves and potential bidders, a female slave covers her face in desperation as two small childen huddle around her. To her right, a male slave sits at the base of the podium. In a clear gesture of despair, he rests his elbows on his knees and holds his head in his hands. A domed building that appears to be a court-house is visible in the distant background. A large flag reading "LIBERTY" waves from its top., Masthead from the Liberator (Boston: William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp, Publishers), vol. 1, no. 27 (July 2, 1831), p. 105., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [July 1831]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Per L 21 1646.F v 1 n 27 July 2 1831 p 105, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2880

Title: [Liberator masthead, 1850
Description: Engraving is divided into two parts by a roundel in the center that features a Christ-figure with a cross. The words "I come to break the bonds of the oppressors" are printed around the roundel's periphery. To the left, a black man kneels at Christ's feet. With shackled wrists, he holds his hands together in prayer. To the right, a slaveholder is positioned on the ground; most of his body is oriented away from Christ. Scene to the left of the roundel shows a slave auction, identified as such by a sign that reads "Slaves, Horses, & Other Cattle in Lots to Suit Purchase." (Versions of the sign appear in earlier Liberator mastheads.) An auctioneer stands on a raised platform over which an American flag flies; a small black child sits at his feet. Crying, the child covers his face with his hands. Several other slaves (adults and children) huddle around the rear of the platform, while a number of slaveowners stand in front of it. A courthouse (or another government building) appears in the distant background; a flag that reads "SLAVERY" waves above it. The scene to the right of the roundel depicts the emancipation of the slaves. A similar building appears in the background. In this case, however, the flag above it reads "FREEDOM." With a sea of flags, a parade (of troops?) marches through a triumphal arch marked "EMANCIPATION." In the foreground, freed slaves of varying ages cluster in front of a building that may represent a schoolhouse. Seated in a rocking chair, an eldery slave holds an infant in her out-stretched arms. A lamb, a dog, and other animals stand on the edge of the group., Masthead from the Liberator, ed. William Lloyd Garrison (Boston: Y.B. Yerrinton & Son, Printers, 1850), vol. XX, no. 22, whole no. 1012 (May 31, 1850), p. 85., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Creator: Hartwell
Date: [May 1850]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Per L 21 1646.F v XX n 22 May 31 1850 p 85, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2882

Title: [Liberator masthead, 1838]
Description: Divided into two halves, the masthead vignette contrasts the consequences of slavery and the benefits of emancipation. Scene to the left is a reworking of the original masthead illustration of 1831 showing a slave auction with a slave being whipped in the background and a capitol building adorned with a flag reading "Liberty." A common graphic strategy of abolitionists was to picture scenes of slavery alongside symbols of American freedom such as the capitol, the flag, etc. In this revised version, the slave auction is set on Freedom St., and joining it on the right is a scene showing emancipated slaves enjoying the benefits of freedom. Added vignette commemorates the abolition of slavery in the British colonies., Masthead from the Liberator, ed. William Lloyd Garrison (Boston: Published weekly at no. 25 Cornhill by Isaac Knapp), vol. VIII, no. 9 (March 2, 1838), p. 33., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [March 1838]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Per L 21 1646.F v VIII n 9 March 2 1838 p 33, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2881

Title: [W stands for woman]
Description: Image is accompanied by a verse, which begins as follows: "W Stands for Woman. In Slavery-life, / Full many are mothers, but no one is wife./." The presence of an auctioneer in the background suggests that the setting is a slave auction. In the foreground, a slaveowner whips the bare back of a female slave. The woman kneels on the ground; her hands are raised over her head, and her wrists are fastened to a post. To the right, another slaveowner leads away a small child, presumably that of the woman., Illustration in Abel C. Thomas's Gospel of Slavery (New York: Published by T.W. Strong, 1864), n.p., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1864]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1864 Thoma 50969.D vignette W, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2817

Title: The poor mother
Description: Image portrays a distraught mother kneeling on a rock on the coast of Africa. She watches and gestures in vain as her children are ferried off in a boat by slavetraders., Illustration in the Slave's Friend (New York: Published by R.G. Williams, for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1836), vol. 1, no. 3 (1836), p 3., Image accompanied by a plea in verse-form, which begins as follows: "HELP! oh help! thou God of Christians / Save a mother from despair; / Cruel white-men steal my children, / God of Christians! hear my prayer.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Per S 63 54051.D v 1 n 3 p 3, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2885

Title: [The rebel pirate's fatal prize]
Description: Image depicts a scene on board the schooner S.J. Waring. The ship's steward William Tillman [i.e., Billy Tilghman], "the brave and daring negro," armed with a hatchet, defends himself and his wife from three men identified as the "Pirate Prize Master, Lieutenant, and Mate," who stand in his doorway. Having learned of their secret plot to sell him and his wife into slavery, Tillman murders them., Vignette on the broadside advertisement for The Rebel Pirate's Fatal Prize (Philadelphia: Reichner & Co., 1862)., Accompanied by the caption: "Back sirs! She is my wife, she is no slave! Seize her at your peril.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Resistance.
Date: [1862]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1862 Und (2) 5786.F 46e broadside vignette, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2809

Title: [Middle passage: instruments of restraint and torture]
Description: Engraving shows instruments of restraint and torture used during the Middle Passage. From top to bottom, it includes: iron hand-cuffs, iron shackles, a thumb press, and a speculum oris, an instrument originally used to open the mouths of lock-jaw patients. On slave-ships, it was used to force-feed slaves who refused to eat. The bottom diagram shows a cabin space that is 3 feet, 3 inches high; it shows manner in which enslaved Africans were forced to sit during the passage., Illustration in Lydia Childs's An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans (New York: Published by John S. Taylor, 1836), p. 21., Opposite page includes the following text: "The engraving on the next page will help to give a vivid idea of the Elysium enjoyed by negroes, during the Middle Passage. Fig A represents the iron hand-cuffs, which fasten the slaves together by means of a little bolt with a padlock. B represents the iron shackles by which the ancle [sic] of one is made fast to the ancle [sic] of his next companion. Yet even thus secured, they do often jump into the sea, and wave their hands in triumph at the approach of death. E is a thumb-screw. The thumbs are put into two rounds [sic] holes at the top; by turning a key a bar rises from C to D by means of a screw; and the pressure becomes very painful. By turning it further, the blood is made to start; and by taking away the key, as at E, the tortured person is left in agony, without the means of helping himself, or being helped by others. This is applied in case of obstinancy, at the discretion of the captain. I, F, is a speculum oris. The dotted lines represent it when shut; the black lines when open. It opens at G,H, by a screw below with a knob at the end of it. This instrument was used by surgeons to wrench open the mouth in case of lock-jaw. It is used in slave-ships to compel the negroes to take food; because a loss to the owners would follow their persevering attempts to die. K represents the manner of stowing slaves in a slave-ship.", Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1836 Chi S49622.D p 21, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2746

Title: The husband and wife, after being sold to different purchasers, violently separated, probably never to see each other more
Description: Image depicts a slaveowner who moves to whip three partially clothed slave figures, a husband, a wife, and their small child. The husband and wife cling to each other as their child stands to the right. In the background, another slaveowner raises his whip toward four slaves who march in a line in front of him., Illustration in Thomas Branagan's Penitential Tyrant (New York: Printed and sold by Samuel Wood, 1807), p. 267., Engraving attributed to Alexander Anderson., Images in this work derived from oral testimony given before the British Parliament's Select Committee Appointed to Take the Examination of Witnesses Respecting the African Slave Trade originally published as An Abstract of the Evidence Delivered Before a Select Committee of the House of Commons in the Years 1790 and 1791; on the part of the petitioners for the abolition of the slave-trade (London: printed by James Phillips, 1791). Images also issued in a number of other printed works including Remarks on the Methods of Procuring Slaves with a Short Account of Their Treatment in the West-Indies (London: printed by and for Darton and Harvey, no. 66 Gracechurch Street, MDCCXCIII [1793]); Der Neue Hoch Deutsche Americanische Calender auf das jahr 1797 (Baltimore: Samuel Saur, 1796); Injured Humanity: Being a Representation of What the Unhappy Children of Africa Endure from Those Who Call Themselves Christians... (New York: printed and sold by Samuel Wood, no. 362 Pearl Street, (between 1805 and 1808); and The Mirror of Misery, or, Tyranny Exposed (New York: printed and sold by Samuel Wood, 1807) and later editions issued in 1811 and 1814., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Creator: Anderson, Alexander, 1775-1870, engraver
Date: [1807]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1807 Bra 2721.D. p 267, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2710

Title: "Incendiary pictures"
Description: This commonplace cut of a slave on the auction block was mass produced for use in southern newspapers to advertise slave sales. It appears in "The Anti-Slavery Record" as a stroke of irony. Opponents of abolition denounced the antislavery movement for its agitational pamphlets and newspapers, and particularly for its use of what opponents termed "incendiary pictures" of southern slavery. The editors note: "The cast from which it was taken was manufactured in this city, for the southern trade, by a firm of stereotypers, who, on account of the same southern trade, refuse to stereotype the Record, because it contained just such pictures! Now, how does it come to pass, that this said picture when printed in southern newspapers is perfectly harmless, but when printed in the Anti-Slavery Records is perfectly incendiary?", Illustration in the Anti-Slavery Record (New York: Published by R.G. Williams, for the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1835-1837), vol. II, no. VII (July, 1836), whole no. 19, p. 12., Small caption underneath the image reads: Who bids?, Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Date: [July 1836]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Per A 245 60026.D v 2 n 7 p 12, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2852

Title: View of the Capitol of the United States after the conflagration in 1814
Description: Engraving is set in 1815 in Washington, DC, where a group of bound slaves passes in front of the burned-out Capitol building en route to Georgia. Two allegorical figures, one of whom represents Liberty, float on a smoke cloud above the building. The frontispiece relates to Torrey's musings as to whether "the Sovereign Father of all nations" permitted the burning of the Capitol as a "fiery, though salutary signal of his displeasure at the conduct of his Columbian children, in erecting and idolizing this splendid fabric as the temple of freedom, and at the same time oppressing with the yoke of captivity and toilsome bondage, twelve of fifteen hundred of their African brethren (by logical induction), making merchandise of their blood, and dragging their bodies with iron chains, even under its towering walls." Torrey then commented, "Yet it is a fact, that slaves are employed in rebuilding this sanctuary of liberty.", Frontispiece for Jesse Torrey's A Portraiture of Domestic Slavery, in the United States (Philadelphia: Published by the author. John Bioren, printer, 1817)., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Lawson, Alexander, 1773-1846, engraver
Date: 1817
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1817 Tor 4875.O frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2722

Title: Kidnapping
Description: Engraving relates to an incident recounted by Torrey. In the middle of the night, five men forced their way into the room of a free black woman, who was pregnant and recently widowed. They dragged her out of the bed in which she was sleeping with her child, tied a noose around her neck, and then carried mother and child to a Maryland tavern, where they were bought by a slave-dealer and brought to Washington., Plate in Jesse Torrey's A Portraiture of Domestic Slavery, in the United States (Philadelphia: Published by the author. John Bioren, printer, 1817), p. 48., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Goodman & Piggot, engraver
Date: 1817
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1817 Tor 4875.O p 48, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2723

Title: Gang of slaves journeying to be sold in a Southern market
Description: Driven by mounted men with whips, a large procession of bound slaves travels down a shallow creek. Some of the slaves hold children in their arms; others carry baskets and bundles on their heads. A family of free blacks watches from the banking on the left., Illustrated plate in James Silk Buckingham's The Slave States of America (London; Paris: Fisher, Son, & Co. Newgate St. London; rue St. Honoré, Paris [1842]), vol. 2, p. 552., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Holl, F., engraver
Date: [1842]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1842 Buc 10584.O v 2 p 552, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2775

Title: Slaves taken from an Arab dhow
Description: Set below the deck of an Arab coasting vessel in Zanzibar, the illustration shows a group of scantily dressed, emaciated male slaves. An accompanying quote from Edward Steere contextualizes the image. Steere wrote, "I hope one may never see again such sights as one used to see almost daily when we first landed in Zanzibar -- the miserable remains of the great slave caravans from the interior, brought by sea to Zanzibar, packed so closely that they could scarcely move, and allowed nothing of food on the voyage but a few handfuls of raw rice passed round to be nibbled at. It is said, sometimes, that our efforts to stop the slave traffic have increased the sufferings of the slaves during their transit, but it was simply impossible to increase the misery of this open and unrestrained traffic between Kilwa and Zanzibar. Even as it was, the least delay caused a large proportion of deaths, and the parties of slaves that were led from the custom-house to their owners' houses presented every form of emaciation and disease, till it seemed impossible that they could support themselves, if only for a few minutes longer." (p. 77-78), Plate in Robert Marshall Heanley's A Memoir of Edward Steere, D.D., LL.D.: Third Missionary Bishop in Central Africa (London: George Bell and Sons, York Street, Covent Garden, 1888), p. 78., Artist's imprint illegible., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1888]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Hean 52606.D p 78, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2914

Title: Gang of captives met at Mbame's on their way to Tette
Description: Engraving accompanies Chapter XVIII of Livingstone's travel narratives; it portrays an incident that he witnessed in the village of his friend Mbame. As Livingstone explained, " . . . [a] slave party, a long line of manacled men, women, and children, came wending their way round the hill and into the valley, on the side which the village stood. The black drivers, armed with muskets, and bedecked with various articles of finery, marched jauntily in the front, middle, and rear of the line; some of them blowing exultant notes out of long tin horns." (p. 356) Livingstone noted, however, that the black drivers fled as soon as they saw him and his fellow Englishmen. Livingstone and his party thus freed the captives (who were most likely Manganja). "It was more difficult to cut the men adrift," he wrote, "as each had his neck in the fork of a stout stick, six or seven feet long, and kept in by an iron rod, which was riveted at both end across the throat. With a saw, . . . one by one the men were sawn out into freedom." (p. 356-57), Plate in David Livingstone's Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries: and of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, 1858-1864 (London: John Murray, 1865), p. 356., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Whymper, Josiah Wood, 1813-1903, engraver
Date: [1865]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri Livin 16307.O p 356, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2925

Title: Chaine d'esclaves venant de l'interieur [Senegal]
Description: Having been captured in the country's interior, six Senegalese slaves are led by two European slave-traders who carry swords and long spears. The slaves march in a line; each wears a collar that is attached to a long pole that rests on their shoulders and extends down the line., Illustration in René Geoffroy de Villeneuve's L'Afrique, ou Histoire, meours, usages et coutumes des africains: Le Sénégal (Paris: Nepveu, libraire, passage des Panoramas, no. 26, 1814), vol. 4, p. 41., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1814]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare U Afri R.G.V. 65954.D v 4 p 40, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2931

Title: African slave trade
Description: Illustration is set on the eastern coast of Africa, most likely in Sierra Leone. In the center, a slave-trader inspects a slave for purchase. To the left of the pair, another European slave-trader (presumably the seller) sits on a crate, smoking a cigar as he observes the inspection process. His book, the quill, and the ink-well suggest that he is prepared to record the day's transactions. To the right, another European trader converses with three African merchants, possibly members of the Mandigo tribe. The subject of their discussion may be the sale of goods in the Africans' trunk. To the far right, an overseer with a raised whip marches behind a row of bound slaves who are headed toward a ship., Plate in William Blake's The History of Slavery and the Slave Trade, Ancient and Modern (Columbus, Ohio: Published and sold exclusively by subscription J. & H. Miller, 1858), p. 112., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images of the Slave Trade.
Creator: Felch-Riches, engraver
Date: [1858]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1858 Blake 70419.O p 112, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2802

Title: Branding a female slave
Description: Set on the coast of Haiti, the image shows a slave-trader branding a female slave on the shoulder. The unclothed slave kneels on the sand with her hands chained behind her back. Other slaves await their turn, covering their eyes or looking away. In the lower right-hand corner, a second slave-trader sits on a barrel with a rifle resting on his knee. A slave-ship is visible in the background., Plate in John W. Cromwell's The Negro in American History: Men and Women Eminent in the Evolution of the American of African Descent (Washington, D.C.: The American Negro Academy, 1914), p. 2., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1914]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1914 Cromw 78796.O p 2, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2671

Title: Scene in the hold of the "Blood-Stained Gloria." (Middle Passage)
Description: As the title suggests, the engraving shows the hold of the Gloria, a Brazilian slave-ship upon which the author travelled. In Chapter XV of his Revelations, Drake described the conditions on board: "our slaves," he wrote, "were crammed in hold, cabin, and peak, and packed like herrings, on the shelves, around our vessel's sides; and what was worse, gratings were kept down half the time." (p. 88-89) Continuing to describe the "horrors of this dreadful passage," he added, "The sick and dying were chained together. I saw pregnant women give birth to babes, whilst chained to corpses, which our drunken overseers had not removed. The blacks were literally jammed between decks, as if in a coffin; and a coffin that dreadful hold became, to nearly one-half of our cargo, before we reached Bahia." (p. 89) In the engraving, Ruiz, the ship's captain, has entered the hold with one of his mates. In addition to a lantern, the captain carries a large sword, while his mate carries a rifle. A cat-o'-ninetails can be seen on the floor., Fold-out plate in Richard Drake's Revelations of a Slave Smuggler: Being the Autobiography of Capt. Rich'd Drake, an African Trader for Fifty-Years from 1807 to 1857; during which Period He Was Concerned in the Transportation of Half a Million Blacks from African Coast to America (New York: Robert M. De Witt, publisher, [c1860]), p. 28., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Andrew & Filmer, engraver
Date: [c1860]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1860 Dra 72735.O p 28, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2806

Title: Slave market scene on the Kambia River, coast of Africa
Description: In the center of this busy, crowded scene, a European slave-trader examines the teeth of a male slave who is lying flat on the ground. Another European trader straddles the slave while negotiating with three African merchants. To the right, a well-dressed European merchant observes the inspection process. The open book near his elbow is most likely a ledger in which he will record his purchases. To the left of center, a European slave-trader brands a female slave while others wait their turn. With his back turned toward the viewer, an overseer in the left foreground watches the branding of the slaves. A large hatchet hangs from his belt, and he holds a metal instrument commonly used to restrain and punish slaves. In the left background, an African overseer whips a bound slave. A slave-ship at sea appears in the distant background., Fold-out frontispiece for Richard Drake's Revelations of a Slave Smuggler: Being the Autobiography of Capt. Rich'd Drake, an African Trader for Fifty-Years from 1807 to 1857; during which Period He Was Concerned in the Transportation of Half a Million Blacks from African Coast to America (New York: Robert M. De Witt, publisher, [c1860])., Wood engraving after the 1840 painting entitled "The Slave Trade" by Auguste-Francois Biard., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Scenes from the Slave Trade.
Creator: Andrew & Filmer, engraver
Date: [1840, c1860]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1860 Dra 72735.O frontispiece, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2805

Title: Whipping with the paddle, as witnessed by the author
Description: Image shows the type of event that Watson witnessed regularly while in the custody of a slave-trader named Mr. Denton. As Watson explained, "I was not sold for several weeks, thought I wished to be the first, not wishing to witness his cruelty to his slaves any longer; for if they displeased him in the least, he would order them to be stripped, and tied hand and foot together. He would then have his paddle brought, which was a board about two feet in length and one inch in thickness, having fourteen holes bored through it, about an inch in circumference. This instrument of torture he would apply, until the slave was exhausted, on parts which the purchaser would not be likely to examine." Correspondingly, in this scene, Denton beats a man who is tied to an upright pole in such a manner that he is forced to lie on his side on the ground in a fetal position. A child cries in the background; two potential purchasers approach., Illustration in Henry Watson's Narrative of Henry Watson: a Fugitive Slave (Boston: Bela Marsh, 1850), p. 11., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Punishment Scenes.
Date: [1850]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1850 Wat 71223.O p 11, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2781

Title: [Methods and instruments of restraint, plate II]
Description: Illustration shows some types of restraints used by Mundingo (African) slave merchants when marching groups of slaves from Bambarra to Galam. Referring to Fig. I, Clarkson explained: "AA represents two separate pieces of wood, which in the Fig. 2, 3 are made fast to the necks of two Negroes by means of cords, which are composed of the roots of trees, and are in use in those countries. Many of the Negroes were accustomed to be driven before the Mundingoes, one by one, each with this instrument on his neck." As Clarkson continued, "The second manner of conducting them is described in the same plate. Fig. 4 represents an instrument, which is of wood. Within the crutches of the instrument, which are at each end of it, are placed the necks of two Negroes in Fig. 5, which are confined in it at the extremities XX by means of certain cords, which are in use in that part of the world. Thus confined, two at a time, others of the Negroes, who were annually brought from Bambarra to Galam are said to have travelled." (p. 36), Plate in Thomas Clarkson's Letters on the Slave Trade, and the State of the Natives in those Parts of Africa, which are Contiguous to St. Louis and Goree (London: Printed and sold by James Phillips, Geroge Yard, Lombard Street, 1791), p. 36., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Punishment Scenes.
Date: [1791]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1791 Cla 619.Q plate II p 36, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2685

Title: [Methods and instruments of restraint, plate III]
Description: Illustration shows some types of restraints used by Mundingo (African) slave merchants when marching groups of slaves from Bambarra to Galam. In the accompanying text, Clarkson explained, "In Fig. 1, B represents a large log of wood, X a crutch at one end of it, and A a twisted cord to which it is fastened at the other. This log is made fast to a Negro's neck in Fig. 2. It is reported to be so heavy and unmanageable, that it is extremely difficult for the person who wears it to walk, much less to escape or run away. In travelling it is said to be necessary to lift up the log, that is thus fastened to the neck of each, and to place the crutch of it on the shoulder of every preceding slave. Budensome as this instrument may appear to be, it is rendered more light and portable by these means. In this way, then many of the Negro slaves from Bambarra to Galam have been made to travel as described in Fig. 3 of the same plate. When it has been necessary to halt, the crutch has been taken from the shoulders of each, and the person, who has worn it, has remained then as in Fig. 2, as unable to walk or manage himself as before, and has become almost as secure, as if he had been chained to the spot in which he had been made to halt. When it has been thought necessary to proceed, the log has again been put on the neck of every preceding slave." (p. 36-37), Plate in Thomas Clarkson's Letters on the Slave Trade, and the State of the Natives in those Parts of Africa, which are Contiguous to St. Louis and Goree (London: Printed and sold by James Phillips, Geroge Yard, Lombard Street, 1791), p. 36., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Punishment Scenes.
Date: [1791]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1791 Cla 619.Q plate III p 36, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2684

Title: Slave pen on Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga
Description: View of a dilapidated building with a sign, "Auction & Negro Sales," on Whitehall Street in Atlanta. A man attired in a brimmed hat sits on a wooden chair with a rifle leaning beside him against the front of the building. Several cigar and cigarette manufactories and tobacco stores, including "F. Geutebruck Tobacco," line the dirt street., Title from item., Issued as #3608 in E. & H.T. Anthony Catalog "War of the Union" series., Original negative in the collections of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of Civil War views. McAllister Collection, gift, 1886., Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Digitization funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-506-19-10), 2010-2012.
Date: [ca. 1861]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department stereo - unidentified - Non-Philadelphia-Georgia [5779.F.8h]

Title: Berry, Eliza.
Description: In Twelve years a slave (Auburn, N.Y., 1853), plate opposite p. 88., Same image appears in Twelve years a slave (Auburn, N.Y., 1854)., Full-length portrait of the enslaved women, possibly a fictitious character, kneeling next to her daughter Emily; two white men stand above her.
Date: [1853?]

Title: Wreck of the slave ship
Description: According to Hildreth's narrative, the plate shows a domestic slave ship that was caught in a storm while travelling down the Atlantic coast to Charleston. After the captain and crew fled in a jolly-boat, the slaves worked the pumps in the hopes of saving themselves. They were eventually rescued and brought to a jail in Norfolk, Virginia., Illustration in Richard Hildreth's The White Slave: or, Memoirs of a Fugitive (London: Ingram, Cooke, & Co., 227 Strand, MDCCCLII, 1852), p. 80., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Images from the Slave Trade.
Date: [1852]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1852 Hildr 70799.O p 80, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2787

Title: [Log-yokes used by the Mandingoes to restrain slaves.]
Description: Top half of the image shows two male slaves who are joined together by a log-yoke that fits around their necks and rests on their shoulders. Bottom half shows a slave in a log-yoke that takes the form of an inverted V and hangs from his neck by a piece of rope., Illustration in Thomas Branagan's Penitential Tyrant (New York: Printed and sold by Samuel Wood, 1807) p. 268., Engraving attributed to Alexander Anderson., Accompanied by the following text: "The manner of yoking the slaves by the Mandingoes, or African slave merchants, who usually march annually in eight or ten parties, from the river Gambia to Bambarra; each party having from one hundred to one hundred and fifty slaves. The Log-Yokes are made of the roots of trees, so heavy as to make it extremely difficult for the persons who wear them to walk, much more to escape or run away. Where the roads lie through woods, the captives are made to travel several hundred miles with logs hung from their necks, as described in the plates.", Images in this work derived from oral testimony given before the British Parliament's Select Committee Appointed to Take the Examination of Witnesses Respecting the African Slave Trade originally published as An Abstract of the Evidence Delivered Before a Select Committee of the House of Commons in the Years 1790, and 1791; on the part of the petitioners for the abolition of the slave-trade (London: printed by James Phillips, 1791). Images also issued in a number of other printed works including Remarks on the Methods of Procuring Slaves with a Short Account of Their Treatment in the West-Indies (London: printed by and for Darton and Harvey, no. 66 Gracechurch-Street, MDCCXCIII [1793]); Sclaven-Handel (Philadelphia: Gedruckt fur Tobias Hirte, bey Samuel Saur, 1794); Der Neue Hoch Deutsche Americanische Calender auf das jahr 1797 (Baltimore: Samuel Saur, 1796); Injured Humanity: Being a Representation of What the Unhappy Children of Africa Endure from Those Who Call Themselves Christians... (New York: printed and sold by Samuel Wood, no. 362, Pearl Street, between 1805 and 1808); and The Mirror of Misery, or, Tyranny Exposed (New York: printed and sold by Samuel Wood, 1807) and later edtions issued in 1811 and 1814., Fels Afro-Americana Image Project, Anti-Slavery Movement Imagery.
Creator: Anderson, Alexander, 1775-1870, engraver
Date: [1807]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Books & Other Texts | Rare Am 1807 Bra 2721.D p 268, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A2711

Title: Africa. America
Description: Abolition print juxtaposing two female allegorical figures in chariots representing Africa and America. In front of a backdrop of tropical trees and huts, "Africa," depicted as a Black woman, is attired in a feathered headpiece, an orange shawl covering one breast, and a pink sarong. She holds a flag inscribed "Slave Trade abolish'd in England 1806" and the reins of two lions pulling her chariot. In front of a waterfall, probably Niagara Falls, "America," depicted as a white woman, is dressed in Native American attire, including a feathered headpiece, a breast plate, an orange cape, a pink and blue sari, and an axe strapped to her back. She holds the American flag, decorated with a portrait of George Washington, and the reins of two tigers pulling her chariot. Near the wheels of her chariot, a rattlesnake is coiled., Title from item., Date inferred by content and medium., Name of publisher illegible., Lib. Company. Annual report, 1969, p. 56., Purchase 1969., RVCDC, Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Date: [ca. 1808]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department *GC-Allegories [7812.F]

Title: View of the Capitol of the United States after the conflagration in 1814
Description: Abolitionist allegorical book illustration juxtaposing a coffle of enslaved Black men and boys standing before the ruins of "a monument to liberty," the United States Capitol, following the British occupation of the city during the War of 1812. Author suggests that the destruction of the Capitol was a sign of divine displeasure to promote the abolition of slavery. In the foreground, two white men enslavers lead shackled men and boys pass the ruin. Two allegorical white female figures, one of Liberty, hover in the clouds above. Enslaved people were traded in Washington, D.C. and used in the reconstruction of the Capitol., Title from item., Frontispiece from Jessey Torrey, Jr.'s, A Portraiture of domestic slavery in the United States (1817)., Torrey was a Philadelphia physician, abolitionist, and author of tracts on morals and the diffusion of knowledge., Originally part of a McAllister scrapbook of views of the District of Columbia. McAllister Collection, gift, 1886., Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Creator: Lawson, Alexander, 1773-1846, engraver
Date: 1817
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department GC - Government Buildings - Washington, D.C. [5740.F.9b], http://www.lcpimages.org/afro-americana/F181.htm

Title: The London Coffee House
Description: Exterior view showing the coffee house and merchants' exchange during the colonial era at the southwest corner of Front and Market streets in Philadelphia. An auction of enslaved people occurs outside the coffee house and pedestrians traverse the sidewalks. Partial view of the adjacent printing house of "Pennsylvania Journal" publisher, William Bradford, is visible. Erected in 1702 and established as a coffee house in 1754 by Bradford, the site was a public center for social and economic activities during the later 18th century, including auctions of enslaved people. The building was razed in 1883., Title from item., Published in John F. Watson's Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, in the olden time:....Embellished with engravings, by T.H. Mumford (Philadelphia, 1844), vol.1 and later editions., After wash study by Edward Mumford., Originally part of McAllister scrapbook of engravings relating to Philadelphia. McAllister Collection, gift, 1886., Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Creator: Mumford, Thomas Howland, 1816-, engraver
Date: [ca. 1844]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department Ph Pr - 8x10 - Hotels, Inns, Taverns [(6)1322.F.47a]

Title: London Coffee House
Description: Wash study for engraving by Mumford's brother, Thomas Mumford, appearing in several editions of John F. Watson's "Annals of Philadelphia,...with engravings by T.H. Mumford" published by various publishers between 1844 to 1870. Depicts an exterior view of the coffee house and merchants' exchange at the southwest corner of Front and Market streets in colonial Philadelphia. An auction of enslaved people occurs outside the coffee house and pedestrians traverse the sidewalks. Partial view of the adjacent printing house of "Pennsylvania Journal" publisher, William Bradford, is visible. Erected in 1702 and established as a coffee house in 1754 by Bradford, the site was a public center for social and economic activities during the late 18th century, including auctions of enslaved people. The building was razed in 1883., Title from manuscript note on recto., Manuscript note on recto: Original., Accessioned 1982., Description revised 2021., Access points revised 2021., Part of digital collections catalog through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of the Commonwealth Libraries, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Tom Corbett, Governor, 2013-2014.
Creator: Mumford, Edward William, 1812-1858, artist
Date: [ca. 1844]
Location: Library Company of Philadelphia | Print Department Drawings & Watercolors-Mumford [P.8757.18]

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